Status and Distribution of Cisco (Coregonus artedi) and Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) in Inland Lakes of Wisconsin

Kathryn M. Renik¹, Martin J. Jennings², Jeffrey M. Kampa³, John Lyons⁴, Timothy P. Parks⁵, and Greg G. Sass^1,*

¹Escanaba Lake Research Station, Office of Applied Science, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Boulder Junction, WI 54512. ²Division of Fish and Wildlife, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, St. Paul, MN 55155. ³Office of Applied Science, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Spooner, WI 54801. ⁴University of Wisconsin Zoological Museum, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706. ⁵Bureau of Fisheries Management, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Wausau, WI 54401. *Corresponding author.

Northeastern Naturalist, Volume 27, Issue 3 (2020): 469–484

Abstract
Coregonus artedi (Cisco) and Coregonus clupeaformis (Lake Whitefish) are cold-water fishes native to some inland lakes in Wisconsin. We conducted a statewide assessment of Cisco and Lake Whitefish status using experimental-mesh vertical gillnets during the summers of 2011–2014. Cisco and Lake Whitefish relative abundances varied from 0 to 137 and 0 to 3 fish/net night, respectively. About 29% of the Cisco and 33% of the Lake Whitefish populations were potentially extirpated from inland lakes in Wisconsin; most potential extirpations were from southern Wisconsin, but extirpations occurred statewide. Invasive species, climate change, land-use change, and excess nutrient loading may have contributed to causing extirpations of Cisco and Lake Whitefish. Conservation of remaining populations of Cisco and Lake Whitefish will require efforts to minimize these perturbations bird migration phenology in order to inform adequate conservation strategies.

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