Ecosystem Modeling in Cobscook Bay, Maine: A Boreal, Macrotidal Estuary 2004 Northeastern Naturalist 11(Special Issue 2):261–324 Cobscook Bay Inventory: A Historical Checklist of Marine Invertebrates Spanning 162 Years THOMAS J. TROTT* Abstract - Cobscook Bay inventory is a historical checklist that documents nearly 800 species of macroinvertebrates found in Cobscook Bay, ME, based on collection records spanning the past 162 years. Information on species occurrence over time has been compiled from published literature, museum collection records, electronic databases, graduate students theses, and species collection lists from invertebrate zoologists. Nearly all records have been reviewed for the validity of identifications by an international group of taxonomic specialists. Accepted species names and their authorities are listed along with alternate names used previously for well over a century. This format results in a historical timeline of the occurrence of species in Cobscook Bay that starts with discovery and continues through past and recent records for each species. It is hoped this database will provide a baseline that will be updated with discoveries of new species, made by developing molecular techniques and observed changes in species occurrence from invasions or local extinctions, to keep its historical perspective intact. Introduction Cobscook Bay, ME, is the northern-most bay on the east coast of the United States near the United States-Canada border at the mouth of the Bay of Fundy. The Bay amounts to approximately 110 km2 and lies behind an open boundary between Eastport and Lubec (Fig. 1). This boreal, macrotidal estuary is dominated by energetic tides of high amplitude that result in thorough mixing of the water column. Source water is cool, nutrient- rich continental slope water that enters the Gulf of Maine through the deep Northeast Channel and spreads along the bottom to the upwelling zone at the mouth of the Bay of Fundy. The geographic boundary of the Bay proper can be extended out into the Head Harbor Passage when physical oceanographic information of water circulation is considered to define the region. Extreme tides, tidal upwelling, high incidence of summer fog shielding the intertidal from solar radiation, and unusually varied habitats have all been implicated as reasons for the diverse invertebrate fauna of Cobscook Bay (Trott and Larsen 2003). The distribution of surfi- cial sediments is one indication of the diversity of intertidal and subtidal environments present in the Bay (Fig. 2). *R.S. Friedman Field Station, Edmunds, ME 04628; Biology Department, Suffolk University, 41 Temple Street, Boston, MA 02114; codfish2@earthlink.net. 262 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 11, Special Issue 2 Early explorations of Cobscook Bay and the surrounding region make the historical perspective of this checklist possible. The high productivity of this ecosystem was recognized in 1872 by the United States Fish Commission (now the National Marine Fisheries Service [NMFS]) with the establishment of the second station in its history at Eastport, ME, the first station being located at Woods Hole, MA. Twenty-nine years earlier, J.W. Mighels had published records of marine molluscs from Cobscook Bay (Mighels 1843), and a decade later, William Stimpson published his findings from summer explorations around Eastport and the neighboring island of Grand Manan (Stimpson 1851a, 1853). Nearly another decade passed before C.B. Fuller (1862a,b) reported on invertebrates collected from Treat’s Island and other locations in the vi- Figure 1. Map of Cobscook Bay, ME. Inset illustrates general location of Cobscook Bay in relation to the Gulf of Maine. 2004 T.J. Trott 263 cinity of Eastport. Records of the invertebrates from Cobscook Bay then began to appear more frequently in the literature, authored by a graduate student of Louis Agassiz, originally from Maine, who became the first Professor of Zoology of Yale College. His name was Addison E. Verrill, and he spearheaded the US Commission’s explorations into the waters of the Gulf of Maine. The highly diverse and abundant invertebrate fauna of Cobscook Bay was the focus of a presentation by Verrill to the Essex Society in which he described how with ease so many examples of every phylum could be found during a walk in the intertidal or below the wharfs of Eastport (Verrill 1871b). His words resonated those of Stimpson (1851a), who had reported 20 years previous that two or three hundred species of different classes might be found in the Fundy Isles during a single low tide. This inventory of the marine invertebrate fauna of Cobscook Bay spans 162 years from Mighels (1843) to the present (see Larsen and Gilfillan 2004, Trott 2004a). Records prior to 1900 are primarily from dredging, which was the common sampling technique of the time. However, Stimpson (1851a) observed that many species that occur subtidally in the southern Gulf of Maine are present intertidally, an observation later verified for the Eastport area by Fuller (1862a,b). This unusual distribution is one reason why collections made after the turn of the century were almost entirely from the intertidal zone. Figure 2. Surficial geology map for Cobscook Bay, ME (Kelley and Kelley 2004). Cobscook Bay Intertidal and Subtidal Environments 264 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 11, Special Issue 2 Faunistic information used to construct this document was drawn from literature, museum collections, electronic databases, and species lists. Major monographs, peer-reviewed publications, government reports, and graduate theses formed the majority of the literature-based knowledge for this inventory. It includes all of Verrill’s published records for Eastport and the Bay proper in addition to other major early works, e.g., Holmes (1905), Richardson (1905), and Webster and Benedict (1887). Museum records, primarily from the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, and the Peabody Museum, Yale University, comprise the source of collections-based knowledge and contributed greatly to the certainty of species identifications. There is a level of redundancy created by using these sources in combination. For example, many of Verrill’s published collections are in the holdings of the Peabody Museum and therefore are often cross-referenced when both Verrill and the Peabody Museum are listed as records for a particular species. Another source of overlap stems from papers published in the Boston Society of Natural History series “Fauna of New England” that included the records of Verrill, Stimpson, Mighels, and others. There is no attempt to calculate the degree of overlap within and between these sources. An important noteworthy fact is, however, that the Peabody Museum holds specimens deposited by collectors more recent than Verrill, and many of the authors of the contributions to the Fauna of New England included new record information. When new records were listed within sources such as these, the original source of the information was not cited. This information is left to the reader to discover if it is sought. Collection records for specimens held at the Peabody Museum are accessible online (Division of Invertebrate Zoology 2005). A third source of information is now available in the form of electronic databases. Websites for Gastropoda (Rosenberg 2003–04), Hexacorallia (Fautin 2004, Fautin and Buddemeier 2003), and Turbellaria (Tyler et al. 2005) were used to determine synonymies, authorities, and location information for these groups. Electronic databases were not the exclusive source of these types of information. A fourth smaller, but not insignificant, source of information came from species lists of taxonomists and invertebrate zoologists, whose work would have gone unknown otherwise. These contributors donated their information towards this effort freely. Their generosity is acknowledged here: Dr. Terrence Gosliner, California Academy of Sciences; Dr. Paul Langer, Gwynedd Mercy College; Dr. Peter F. Larsen, Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences; Professor Rachel Merz, Swarthmore College, who donated collection records of the late Professor Norman Meinkoth; Professor Nathan W. Riser, Emeritus, Marine Science Center, Northeastern University; and Professor Seth Tyler, University of Maine, Orono. 2004 T.J. Trott 265 The search for the most recent, accepted valid names for the numerous reported species from Cobscook Bay was the most difficult task of preparing this inventory. The weight of this fell upon taxonomists who were solicited for their interest in reviewing lists of species in their taxa of specialty. They also contributed information flagging suspected misidentifications and authorship errors passed down through the literature. The generous contributors listed in Table 1 who voluntarily donated their spare time to this task are gratefully acknowledged. Additional information on specific groups was supplied by Daphne Fautin, Natural History Museum and Biodiversity Research Center, University of Kansas, Cnidaria; Peter J. Hayward, University of Swansea, United Kingdom, Ectoprocta; Gerhard Pohle, Huntsman Marine Science Centre, New Brunswisk, Crustacea; Larry Harris, Department of Zoology, University of New Hampshire, Nudibranchia; and Andrea Waeschenbach, The Natural History Museum, United Kingdom, Ectoprocta. Appreciation is also given to those who volunteered their expertise that eventually was not needed because of the lack of information about their taxon of specialty: Frank Ferrari, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, planktonic Copepoda; Louis Kornicker, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Ostracoda; and Richard Heard, University of Southern Mississippi, Tanaidacea. Without the unselfish assistance of all contributors, the quality of this publication would be below its present level. Table 1. Taxonomic reviewers and contributors to the Cobscook Bay Inventory. Taxonomic specialist Institution Taxon Pierre Brunel Université de Montréal Amphipoda and Cumacea Stephen Cairns National Museum of Natural History Cnidaria Dale Calder Royal Ontario Museum Cnidaria Edward Cutler Museum of Comparative Zoology Sipuncula Kristian Fauchald National Museum of Natural History Polychaeta Terrence Gosliner California Academy of Sciences Nudibranchia Brian Kensley National Museum of Natural History Isopoda and Decapoda Rafael Lemaitre National Museum of Natural History Anomura Richard Modlin University of Alabama Mysidacea Françoise Monniot Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle Ascidiacea Jon Norenburg National Museum of Natural History Nemertea Mark Ohman Scripps Institution of Oceanography Euphausiacea David Pawson National Museum of Natural History Echinodermata Klaus Ruetzler National Museum of Natural History Porifera Nathan Riser Marine Science Center, Northeastern Univ. Nemertea and Platyhelminthes Gary Rosenberg Academy of Natural Sciences Gastropoda Seth Tyler University of Maine, Orono Platyhelminthes Robert Jay Van Syoc Californian Academy of Sciences Cirripedia Thomas Waller National Museum of Natural History Bivalvia Judith Winston Virginia Museum of Natural History Ectoprocta 266 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 11, Special Issue 2 Some groups remained for tracing synonyms because of my inability to recruit specialists due to lack of time or availability. The Cephalopoda, Chaetognatha, Ctenophora, Hemichordata, Nematoda, Priapulida, Pycnogonida, and Scaphopoda fell into this category. Fortunately, these taxa contain few records that made a daunting task less strenuous, aided by reviewers who volunteered their knowledge when possible. Synonyms and previously used names for species in these and other taxa were traced by me to valid species names often but not exclusively using: Abbott (1974), Bousfield (1973), Brunel et al. (1998), Cairns et al. (1991), Clark and Downey (1992), Costello et al. (2001), Cutler (1994), Fauchald (1997), Gosner (1971), Macpherson (1971), Pollock (1998), Schultz (1968), Squires (1990), Turgeon et al. (1998), Williams (1984), and Williams et al. (1998). The high degree of scholarship of all resources makes reasonably certain the validity of identifications used to construct this inventory. In cases where records originated from museums, voucher specimens are available to confirm species identifications. Doubtful species records for each phylum, identified by taxonomic reviewers, appear in sections titled “Uncertain Records.” Reasons for questioning these identifications are referenced by footnotes annotated near the end of each phylum. The concept of validity for species used in producing this document, though rigorous by all attempts, is none-the-less limited given developing molecular techniques for identifying species. For example, Hydractinia polyclina so closely resembles H. echinata morphologically that the two species can be distiguished only on the basis of molecular data (D. Calder, pers. comm.). Molecular techniques could distinguish new species among species included in this list. There are obvious shortages and gaps in this list concerning specific taxa. Groups imperfectly known were left out early in strategizing the preparation of this inventory. Intentionally not included were most meiofauna (e.g., Protista, Kinorhyncha, Gnathostomulida, Loricifera, Rotifera, Cycliophora, Gastrotricha, etc.), most parasites (e.g., parasitic Nematoda, Acanthocephala, Cestoda, etc.) and Insecta. Meiofauna are uncommon targets for collection because of their small size and equally uncommon taxonomic specialists who can identify them. Other taxa that have no species records for Cobscook Bay, but were reviewed to be included are most microfauna (e.g., Branchiopoda, Branchiura, Copepoda, Ostracoda, Tardigrada, etc.), Echiura, Aplacophora, and Tanaidacea. Size alone does not explain the lack of species records. In many cases, the lack of records probably results from these groups not having been the focus of collections and/or identifications. Species records of these groups exist from other localities in the Gulf of Maine, so their absence from Cobscook Bay was somewhat unexpected. 2004 T.J. Trott 267 The higher taxa within each phylum are arranged according to the most recently published phylogeny in Brusca and Brusca (2003). Phyla that follow a different scheme based on cladistic analysis are Polychaeta (Fauchald and Rouse 1997, Rouse and Fauchald 1997) and Platyhelminthes (Tyler et al. 2005). Publications of the American Fisheries Society were used to organize Mollusca and Cnidaria, and Hayward (2001) was used for Ectoprocta. Sponges were organized according to the classification of Hooper and van Soest (2002). Species are always listed in alphabetical order within their families. Species reported in this inventory are listed with the following style and format: Accepted Species Name Author, Date Accepted Species Name Abbreviated Records(s) Previously used name Abbreviated Record(s) Bold italics are used to identify accepted species names with their authorities. The format that follows is a chresonomy, i.e., a list of usages of names analogous to a “chrestomathy” in literary fields. These fall into five categories: a) identical to current usage and written in regular italics; b) using the same trivial epithet, but in combination with a different generic name (alternative combination) or at a different rank (species versus subspecies or variety); c) synonyms (which can also have alternate ranks, combinations, and misspellings); d) misapplications of names (i.e., misidentifications); and e) misspellings. Regular italics are associated with accepted names of species, and roman font for names used previously. All are followed by abbreviated records that are defined in a key to the abbreviations at the end of each phylum. Each abbreviation refers to the source of a record along with the date of publication. While unconventional for unpublished records, years that donated species lists were assembled are also reported to help complete a timeline for collections of species they refer to. These also appear in the Literature Cited along with published records. Taxonomic information about particular species is referenced by footnotes annotated at the end of each phylum. The value of this style and format is the inclusion of names of species associated with the sources used to construct this inventory. What results is a historical timeline of the occurrence of species in Cobscook Bay that starts with discovery and continues through past and recent records for each species. This timeline of occurrence is only as perfect as the intensity and focus of collections. Another benefit of the format is that ecologists, physiologists, and general biologists can use this species list to avoid the detective work of tracing previously used names along a twisted thread of sometimes obscure publications to determine currently accepted names. In this regard, the inventory's utility extends beyond Cobscook Bay since many species occur elsewhere in the Gulf of Maine (Trott and Larsen 2003). 268 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 11, Special Issue 2 Cobscook Bay Marine Invertebrate Checklist It is hoped that the scientific community, educators, students, planners, and interested laymen will find the information contained in the following pages useful in understanding the diverse community of animals found within Cobscook Bay. I invite with hope that mistakes and additions will be relayed to me in order to keep this species inventory complete and current. Phylum Porifera ..................................................................................... 268 Phylum Cnidaria..................................................................................... 270 Phylum Ctenophora ................................................................................ 275 Phylum Platyhelminthes......................................................................... 276 Phylum Nemertea ................................................................................... 277 Phylum Nemata (Nematoda) .................................................................. 278 Phylum Priapula ..................................................................................... 279 Phylum Sipuncula .................................................................................. 279 Phylum Annelida .................................................................................... 279 Phylum Arthropoda ................................................................................ 290 Phylum Mollusca ................................................................................... 298 Phylum Ectoprocata ............................................................................... 310 Phylum Brachiopoda .............................................................................. 311 Phylum Echinodermata .......................................................................... 312 Phylum Chaetognatha ............................................................................ 314 Phylum Hemichordata ............................................................................ 314 Phylum Chordata .................................................................................... 315 PHYLUM PORIFERA Class Calcarea Order Clathrinida Family Clathrinidae Clathrina coriacea (Montagu, 1818) Clathrina coriacea L Order Leucosolenida Family Leucosoleniidae Leucosolenia botryoides (Ellis and Solander, 1786) Leucosolenia botryoides L, P, R, S, T, Wi Family Sycettidae Sycon ciliatum O. Fabricius, 1780 Scypha ciliata L, M, P, R, S, T, Wi 2004 T.J. Trott 269 Class Demospongiae Order Halisarcida Family Halisarcidae Halisarca dujardini Johnston, 1842 Halisarca dujardini R Order Poecilosclerida Family Acarnidae Iophon nigricans (Bowerbank, 1863) Iophon nigricans L, M, P Family Microcionidae Microciona prolifera (Ellis and Solander, 1786) Microciona prolifera L, P Family Myxillidae Myxilla fimbriata (Bowerbank, 1864) Myxilla fimbriata L Myxilla incrustans (Johnston, 1842) Myxilla incrustans L, P Family Tedaniidae Tedania suctoria (Schmidt, 1870) Tedania suctoria L Family Mycalidae Mycale lingua (Bowerbank, 1858) Mycale lingua L Mycale ovulum (Schmidt, 1870) Mycalecarmia ovulum L, P Family Isodictyidae Isodictya deichmannae de Laubenfels, 1949 Isodictya deichmannae L, P, Pe Isodictya palmata (Ellis and Solander, 1786) Isodictya palmata L, P, R Order Halichondrida Family Halichondriidae Halichondria bowerbanki Burton, 1930 Halichondria bowerbanki P, Pe Halichondria panicea (Pallas, 1766) Halichondria panicea L, O, P, R, S, T, Wi Halichondria sitiens (Schmidt, 1870) Pellina sitiens L, P Hymeniacidon heliophila (Parker, 1910) Hymeniacidon heliophaila M Order Haplosclerida Family Chalinidae Haliclona canaliculata Hartman, 1958 Haliclona canaliculata P Haliclona oculata (Pallas, 1766) Haliclona oculata L, R, S, Wi Order Hadromerida Family Clionaidae Cliona celata Grant, 1826 Cliona celata L, P, S, Wi Pione vastifica (Hancock, 1849) Cliona vastifica L, P Family Polymastiidae Polymastia robusta (Bowerbank, 1816) Polymastia robusta L, Lr2, Lr3, M, P Family Suberitidae Suberites ficus (Pallas, 1766) Suberites ficus L, P Key to the Abbreviations for Porifera L Langer 1973 Lr2 Larsen and Doggett 1975 Lr3 Larsen 1975 M Meinkoth 1975 O O’Brien 1972 P Perkins and Larsen 1975 Pe Peabody Museum R Riser 1970 S Spencer 1973 T Trott 2004b Wi Weiss 1980 270 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 11, Special Issue 2 PHYLUM CNIDARIA Class Scyphozoa Order Stauromedusae Suborder Eleutherocarpida Family Lucernariidae Haliclystus auricula (Rathke, 1806) Haliclystus auricula B, P Haliclystus salpinx Clark, 1863 Haliclystus salpinx L, M, P, S Halmocyathus lagena (O. F. Müller, 1776) Halimocyathus lagena B Lucernaria quadricornis O. F. Müller, 1776 Lucernaria quadricornis B, L, M, P, Pe, S, V6 Suborder Cleistocarpida Family Depastridae Craterolophus convolvulus (Johnston, 1835) Craterolophus convolvulus L, P, R Order Semaeostomeae Family Cyaneidae Cyanea capillata (Linnaeus, 1758) Cyanea capillata B, L, M, P, USNM Cyanea arctica V6 Family Ulmaridae Aurelia aurita (Linnaeus, 1758) Aurelia aurita B, L, P, T Aurelia flavidula V6 Phacellophora camtschatica Brandt, 1835 Callinema ornata V2, V3, V6 Phacellophora ornata B Class Hydrozoa *An asterisk (*) preceeds species listed under both their hydroid and medusoid stages. Order Anthoathecatae—athecate hydroids Family Clavidae Clava multicornis (Forsskål, 1775) Clava leptostyla F, L, O, P, R, S, T Family Hydractiniidae *Hydractinia americana Edwards, 1972 1Podocoryne carnea L Hydractinia echinata (Fleming, 1828) Hydractinia echinata L, P, S Family Bougainvilliidae *Bougainvillia superciliaris (L. Agassiz, 1849) Bougainvillia superciliaris B Family Pandeidae *Leuckartiara octona (Fleming, 1823) Campanularia repens USNM Family Eudendriidae Eudendrium capillare Alder, 1856 Eudendrium capillare USNM Eudendrium tenue Wi Eudendrium cochleatum Allman, 1877 Eudendrium cochleatum F Eudendrium dispar L. Agassiz, 1862 Eudendrium dispar F Eudendrium ramosum (Linnaeus, 1758) Eudendrium ramosum USNM 2004 T.J. Trott 271 Family Zancleidae *Zanclea costata Gegenbaur, 1857 Zanclea costata M Family Acaulidae Acaulis primarius Stimpson, 1853 Acaulis primarius V6 Candelabrum phrygium (O. Fabricius, 1780) Blastothela rosea V11 Family Corymorphidae Corymorpha nutans M. Sars, 1835 Corymorpha nutans flCorymorpha pendula L. Agassiz, 1862 Corymorpha pendula L, M, P, S, USNM Hybocodon pendula B Family Tubulariidae Ectopleura crocea (L. Agassiz, 1862) Tubularia crocea L, P, Wi Ectopleura larynx (Ellis and Solander, 1786) Thamnocnidia larynx USNM Tubularia larynx L, P, R, Wi Tubularia spectabilis L, P Tubularia tenella F Tubularia indivisa Linnaeus, 1758 Tubularia indivisa M Family Corynidae *Sarsia tubulosa (M. Sars, 1835) Sarsia mirabilis B Order Anthoathecatae—hydromedusae Family Hydractiniidae *Hydractinia americana Edwards, 1972 1Podocoryne carnea L Hydractinia borealis (Mayer, 1900) Lymnorea borealis B Family Bougainvilliidae *Bougainvillia superciliaris (L. Agassiz, 1849) Bougainvillia superciliaris B Family Pandeidae Catablema vesicarium (A. Agassiz, 1862) Catablema vesicaria B *Leuckartiara octona (Fleming, 1823) Leuckartiara octona B Campanularia repens USNM Family Zancleidae *Zanclea costata Gegenbaur, 1857 Zanclea costata M Family Corynidae *Sarsia tubulosa (M. Sars, 1835) Sarsia mirabilis B Order Limnomedusae Family Olindiidae Gonionemus vertens L. Agassiz, 1862 Gonionemus vertens L, P, M Order Leptothecatae—thecate hydroids Family Melicertidae Melicertum octocostatum (M. Sars, 1835) Melicertum octocostatum M Melicertum campanula B, V6 Family Calycellidae Calycella syringa (Linnaeus, 1767) Calycella syringa L, USNM Calycella pygmaea USNM Calycella syringes P Family Haleciidae Halecium articulosum Clark, 1875 Halecium articulosum F, Pe 272 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 11, Special Issue 2 Halecium beanii (Johnston, 1838) Halecium beanii F, USNM Halecium halecinum (Linnaeus, 1758) Halecium halecinum F, USNM Halecium muricatum (Ellis and Solander, 1786) Halecium muricatum F, USNM Halecium sessile Norman, 1867 Halecium sessile USNM Family Plumulariidae Nemertesia americana (Nutting, 1900) Antennularia americana L, M Plumularia gracillima (G. O. Sars, 1873) Plumaria verrilli Pe Schizotricha gracillima F Family Aglaopheniidae Lytocarpia myriophyllum (Linnaeus, 1758) Thecocarpus myriophyllum F Family Lafoeidae Lafoea dumosa (Fleming, 1828) Lafoea dumosa USNM Hebella pocillum F Family Campanulariidae Campanularia groenlandica Levinsen, 1893 Campanularia groenlandica F, USNM Campanularia volubilis (Linnaeus, 1758) Campanularia volubilis USNM Clytia volubilis B Clytia hemisphaerica (Linnaeus, 1767) Clytia johnstoni USNM Oceania languida V6 Phialidium languidum B Laomedea flexuosa Alder, 1857 Campanularia flexuosa F, O, P, USNM Obelia dichotoma (Linnaeus, 1758) Obelia dichotoma B, F Obelia geniculata (Linnaeus, 1758) Obelia geniculata F, L, M, O, P, S, T, USNM Obelia longissima (Pallas, 1766) Obelia longissima USNM Obelia articulata F Obelia commissuralis B, L Orthopyxis integra (Macgillivray, 1842) Campanularia caliculata USNM Campanularia integra F, USNM Rhizocaulus verticillatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Campanularia verticillatus L Family Sertulariidae Abietinaria abietina (Linnaeus, 1758) Abietinaria abietina L, P Diphasia fallax (Johnston, 1847) Diphasia fallax F, L, P, USNM Aphasia fallax P Diphasia pinastrum (Cuvier, 1830) Diphasia alata USNM Dynamena pumila (Linnaeus, 1758) Dynamena pumila T, USNM Sertularia pumila L, M, O, P, R, S, Wi Hydrallmania falcata (Linnaeus, 1758) 2004 T.J. Trott 273 Hydrallmania falcata F, L, P, T Sertularia argentea (Linnaeus, 1758) Sertularia argentea flThuiaria argentea F, L, P Sertularia cupressina Linnaeus, 1758 Thuiaria cupressina F Sertularia latiuscula Stimpson, 1853 Sertularia latiuscula USNM Sertularella polyzonias (Linnaeus, 1758) Sertularella polyzonias F Sertularia polyzonias fl, Fl2 Sertularella rugosa (Linnaeus, 1758) Sertularella rugosa L Sertularia similis Clark, 1876 Thuiaria similis L, P Symplectoscyphus tricuspidatus (Alder, 1856) Sertularia tricuspidata F, L, P, USNM Tamarisca tamarisca (Linnaeus, 1758) Diphasia tamarisca F Thuiaria articulata (Pallas, 1766) Thuiaria articulata USNM Thuiaria lonchitis F Order Leptothecatae —hydromedusae Family Melicertidae Melicertum octocostatum (M. Sars, 1835) Melicertum octocostatum M Melicertum campanula B, V6 Family Aequoreidae Aequorea albida L. Agassiz, 1862 Aequorea aequorea var. albida B Rhacostoma atlanticum L. Agassiz, 1850 Aequorea groenlandica B Family Laodiceidae Staurophora mertensi Brandt, 1838 Staurophora mertensi USNM Staurophora mertensii B Staurophora laciniata V6 Family Tiaropsidae Tiaropsis multicirrata (M. Sars, 1835) Tiaropsis diademata B Order Trachymedusae Family Rhopalonematidae Aglantha digitalis (O.F. Müller, 1776) Aglantha digitale B Subclass Siphonophorae Order Cystonectae Family Physaliidae Physalia physalis (Linnaeus, 1758) Physalia physalis B Order Physonectae Family Agalmatidae Agalma elegans (M. Sars, 1846) Agalma elegans B Nanomia cara (A. Agassiz, 1865) Stephanomia cara B, L Class Anthozoa Subclass Ceriantipatharia Order Ceriantharia Family Cerianthidae Cerianthus borealis Verrill, 1873 Cerianthus borealis L, P, R, T, Wi 274 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 11, Special Issue 2 Subclass Alcyonaria Order Alcyonacea Suborder Alcyoniina Family Alcyoniidae Drifa glomerata (Verrill, 1869) Drifa glomerata Lr2, Lr3 Gersemia rubiformis (Ehrenberg, 1834) Gersemia rubiformis L, P, R, USNM Gersemia carnea V24 Alcyonium carneum fl, V, V6 Alcyonium rubiforme V6 Eunephthya rubiformis Pe Subclass Zoantharia (= Hexacorallia) Order Actiniaria Family Actiniidae Aulactinia stella (Verrill, 1864) Bunodactis stella M, P, Pe, S, USNM, V9, V22 Bunodes stella V, V6 Bolocera tuediae (Johnson, 1832) Bolocera tuediae L Urticina felina (Linnaeus, 1767) Urticina felina T Tealia crassicornis M, O, USNM Tealia felina L, P, Pe, S Urticina crassicornis R, V6, V22, V25 Family Actinostolidae Actinostola callosa (Verrill, 1882) Actinostola callosa P Stomphia carneola (Stimpson, 1853) Stomphia carneola V23, V25 Stomphia coccinea (O.F. Müller, 1776) Stomphia coccinea L, P Rhodactinia davisii V Stomphia churchiae USNM Family Diadumenidae Diadumene lineata (Verrill, 1869) Diadumene lineata P Haliplanella luciae P Family Edwardsiidae Edwardsia elegans (Verrill, 1869) Edwardsia elegans Lr2, M, P, Pe, R, S, T, V2, V25, Wi Edwardsia sipunculoides (Stimpson, 1853) Edwardsia sipunculoides Pe, V, V1 Edwardsiella sipunculoides V25 Family Halcampidae Halcampa duodecimcirrata (M. Sars, 1851) Halcampa duodecimcirrata S, P, R, V25 Edwardsia farinacea V2, V25 Family Haloclavidae Iyanthus laevis Verrill, 1864 Iyanthus laevis V1 Peachia parasitica (L. Agassiz, 1859) Peachia parasitica Pe, USNM, V, V6 Bicidiopsis tubicola Pe Family Metridiidae Metridium senile (Linnaeus, 1767) Metridium senile L, Lr3, O, P, Pe, R, S, T, Wi Metridium marginatum V6 UNCERTAIN RECORDS Order Anthoathecatae—athecate hydroids Family Hydractiniidae 2Hydractinia polyclina (L. Agassiz, 1862) Hydractinia polyclina Pe 2004 T.J. Trott 275 Order Leptothecatae —thecate hydroids Family Sertulariidae 3Abietinaria filicula (Ellis and Solander, 1786) Sertularia filicula USNM 1In part; not Podocoryne M. Sars, 1846 (D. Calder, pers. comm.). 2According to D. Calder (pers. comm.), Hydractinia polyclina can be distinguished from H. echinata only on the basis of molecular data. 3Alternatively, Abietinaria abieta (Linnaeus, 1758) according to D. Calder (pers.comm.). Key to the Abbreviations for Cnidaria B Bigelow 1914 F Fraser 1944 flFuller 1862a Fl2 Fuller 1862b L Langer 1973 Lr2 Larsen and Doggett 1975 Lr3 Larsen 1975 M Meinkoth 1975 O O’Brien 1972 P Perkins and Larsen 1975 Pe Peabody Museum R Riser 1970 S Spencer 1973 T Trott 2004b USNM United States National Museum V Verrill 1864 V1 Verrill 1866 V2 Verrill 1869a V3 Verrill 1869b V6 Verrill 1871b V11 Verrill 1878 V22 Verrill 1899a V23 Verrill 1899b V24 Verrill 1922a V25 Verrill 1922b Wi Weiss 1980 PHYLUM CTENOPHORA Class Tentaculata Order Cydippida Family Mertensiidae Mertensia ovum (O. Fabricius, 1780) Mertensia ovum B, V6 Order Thalassocalycida Family Pleurobranchiidae Pleurobranchia pileus (O.F. Müller, 1776) Pleurobranchia pileus L, P, T Family Thalassocalycida Bolinopsis infundibulum (O.F. Müller, 1776) Bolinopsis infundibulum B, L, P Bolina alata V6 Class Nuda Order Beroida Family Beroidae Beroe cucumis Fabricius, 1780 Beroe cucumis B Idyia roseola V6 Key to the Abbreviations for Ctenophora B Bigelow 1914 L Langer 1973 P Perkins and Larsen 1975 T Trott 2004b V6 Verrill 1871b 276 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 11, Special Issue 2 PHYLUM PLATYHELMINTHES Class Acoelomorpha Order Acoela Family Convolutidae Aphanostoma sanguineum Beklemischev, 1915 Aphanostoma sanguineum Hg&Ty Conaperta hortulus Hooge and Tyler, 2003 Conaperta hortulus Hg&Ty Praeaphanostoma wadsworthi Hooge and Tyler, 2003 Praeaphanostoma wadsworthi Hg Praeconvoluta tigrina Hooge and Tyler, 2003 Praeconvoluta tigrina Hg&Ty Praeconvoluta tornuva Tyler and Hooge, 1999 Praeconvoluta tornuva Hg Family Anaperidae Anaperus gardineri (Graff, 1911) Anaperus gardineri Hg Family Otocelididae Otocelis sandara Hooge and Tyler, 2003 Otocelis sandara Hg&Ty Philocelis brueggemanni Hooge and Tyler, 2003 Philocelis brueggemanni Hg&Ty Family Mecynostomidae Paedomecynostomun bruneum Dörjes, 1968 Paedomecynostomun bruneum Hg Family Solenofilomorphidae Myopea “caleum” [undescribed, mentioned in Hg&Ty] Myopea “caleum” Ty Class Rhabditophora Superorder Macrostomorpha Order Macrostomida Family Macrostomidae Paramacrostomum tricladoides Riedel, 1932 Paramacrostomum tricladoides Ty Order Rhabdocoela Suborder “Typhloplanoida” Family Trigonostomidae Astrotorhynchus bifidus (McIntosh, 1874) Astrotorhynchus bifidus Ty Order Seriata Suborder Proseriata Family Coelogynoporidae Cirrifera cirrifera Sopott, 1972 Cirrifera cirrifera R Coelogynopora erotica Riser, 1981 Coelogynopora erotica R Coelogynopora schulzii Meixner, 1938 Coelogynopora schulzii R Suborder Tricladida Infraorder Maricola Superfamily Bdellouroidea Family Uteriporidae Subfamily Uteriporinae Foviella affinis (Oersted, 1843) Foviella affinis R Fovia affinis V20 Superfamily Procerodoidea Family Procerodidae Procerodes littoralis (Ström, 1768) Procerodes littoralis L, P, R, T Order Polycladida Suborder Acotylea Superfamily Planoceroidea Family Leptoplanidae Subfamily Leptoplaninae Leptoplana ellipsoides Girard in Stimpson, 1853 2004 T.J. Trott 277 Leptoplana ellipsoides V20, Wt Leptoplana variabilis Girard, 1850 Leptoplana variabilis V20 Subfamily Stylochoplaninae Notoplana atomata O. F. Müller, 1776 Notoplana atomata M, O, P, Pe, R, S Superfamily Stylochoidea Family Latocestidae Subfamily Trigonoporinae Trigonoporus folium Verrill, 1873 Trigonoporus folium V20 Subfamily Phleniidae Discocelides ellipsoides (Girard, 1853) Discocelides ellipsoides V20 Key to the Abbreviations for Platyhelminthes Hg Hooge 2003 Hg &Ty Hooge & Tyler 2003 L Langer 1973 M Meinkoth 1975 O O’Brien 1972 P Perkins and Larsen 1975 R Riser 1970 S Spencer 1973 T Trott 2004b Ty Tyler 2000 V20 Verrill 1892b Wt Whiteaves 1901 PHYLUM NEMERTEA Class Anopla Order Palaeonemertea Family Cephalothricidae Cephalothrix linearis Rathke, 1799 Cephalothrix linearis R, V19 Procephalothrix spiralis Coe, 1930 Procephalothrix spiralis R Order Heteronemertea Family Lineidae Cerebratulus lacteus Leidy, 1851 Cerebratulus lacteus L, P, T Cerebratulus fuscus V19, W&B2, Wt, USNM Fragilonemertes rosea (Leidy, 1851) 1Micrura leidyi P Lineus ruber O.F. Müller, 1774 Lineus ruber L, O, P, R, S, T, Wi Lineus viridis O.F. Müller, 1774 Lineus viridis R, T, V15, V19, Wt Micrura affinis Verrill, 1879 (or Girard in Stimpson, 1853) Micrura affinis V19, Wt Micrura dorsalis Verrill, 1892 Micrura dorsalis Co, V19 Ramphogordius sanguineus (Riser, 1998) Myoisophagos sanguineus R Lineus communis V14 2Lineus socialis V19 Class Enopla Order Hoplonemertea Suborder Monostilifera Family Prosorhochmidae Oerstedia dorsalis Abildgaard, 1806 Oerstedia dorsalis R Tetrastemma dorsale, variety marmoratum V19 278 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 11, Special Issue 2 Tetrastemma dorsale, variety unicolor V19 Family Amphiporidae Amphiporus angulatus O.F. Müller, 1774 Amphiporus angulatus L, O, P, R, S, T, V19, W&B2, Wt 3Amphiporus multisorus V19 Amphiporus bioculatus McIntosh, 1873–1874 Amphiporus bioculatus O, P Amphiporus caecus Verrill, 1892 Amphiporus caecus L, P 4Amphiporus frontalis Verrill, 1892 Amphiporus frontalis Co, V19 5Amphiporus groenlandicus Oersted, 1843 Amphiporus groenlandicus Wi 6Amphiporus heterosorus Verrill, 1892 Amphiporus heterosorus V19 Amphiporus lactifloreus Johnston, 1828 Amphiporus lactifloreus M, R, V14, V19 Cyanophthalma vittata (Verrill, 1874) Cyanophthalma cordiceps R Family Tetrastemmatidae Tetrastemma candidum O.F. Müller, 1774 Tetrastemma candidum O, P, R 1 Now in part (Riser 1998). 2 Now in part on United States east coast (Riser 1998). 3 Synonym of A. angulatus fide Coe (1943), but nomen dubium under original name (Gibson and Crandall 1989). 4 Nomen dubium fide Gibson and Crandall (1989). 5 Nomen dubium in part, Western Atlantic fide Gibson and Crandall (1989). 6 Nomen dubium fide Gibson and Crandall (1989). Key to the Abbreviations for Nemertea Co Coe 1943 L Langer 1973 M Meinkoth 1975 O O’Brien 1972 P Perkins and Larsen 1975 R Riser 1970 S Spencer 1973 T Trott 2004b USNM United States National Museum V14 Verrill 1880a V15 Verrill 1880b V19 Verrill 1892a W&B2 Webster and Benedict NMNH Records Wi Weiss 1980 Wt Whiteaves 1901 PHYLUM NEMATA (NEMATODA) Pontonema vulgare (Bastian, 1865) Pontonema vulgaris R Key to the Abbreviations for Nemata R Riser 1970 2004 T.J. Trott 279 PHYLUM PRIAPULA Family Priapulidae Priapulus caudatus Lamarck, 1816 Priapulus caudatus L, Lr3, M, P, R, S, T, Wi Key to the Abbreviations for Priapula L Langer 1973 Lr3 Larsen 1975 M Meinkoth 1975 P Perkins and Larsen 1975 R Riser 1970 S Spencer 1973 T Trott 2004b Wi Weiss 1980 PHYLUM SIPUNCULA Class Sipunculidea Order Sipunculiformes Family Sipunculidae Phascolopsis gouldii (Portalés, 1851) Phascolopsis gouldii P Order Golfingiiformes Family Golfingiidae Nephasoma diaphanes diaphanes (Gerould, 1913) Golfingia minuta R Family Phascolionidae Phascolion strombus strombus (Montagu, 1804) Phascolion strombus strombus T Phascolion strombi Lr2, Pe, USNM Sipunculus bernnhardus flKey to the Abbreviations for Sipuncula flFuller 1862a Lr2 Larsen and Doggett 1975 P Perkins and Larsen 1975 R Riser 1970 T Trott 2004b PHYLUM ANNELIDA Class Polychaeta Scolecida Family Arenicolidae Arenicola marina (Linnaeus, 1758) Arenicola marina L, Mc, P, Pe, R, S, V14, W&B1 Arenicola piscatorum V6 Family Capitellidae Capitella capitata (O. Fabricius, 1780) [wrong author van Beneden cited in W&B1] Capitella capitata Lr, USNM, W&B1 Heteromastus filiformis (Claparède, 1864) Heteromastus filiformis P Notomastus capillaris W&B1 Notomastus latericeus M. Sars, 1851 Notomastus latericeus P Family Maldanidae Subfamily Euclymeninae Clymenella torquata (Leidy, 1855) [wrong author Verrill cited in W&B1] Clymenella torquata P, Pe, W&B1, Wi Euclymene zonalis (Verrill, 1874) Euclymene zonalis P Clymenella zonalis Mc Praxillella zonalis W&B1 Praxillella praetermissa (Malmgren, 1865) [wrong author Verrill cited in W&B1] Praxillella praetermissa W&B1 Sabaco elongata (Verrill, 1873) Maldanopsis elongata Mc 280 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 11, Special Issue 2 Subfamily Nicomachinae Nicomache lumbricalis (Savigny 1822) [wrong author Malmgren cited in W&B1] Nicomache lumbricalis Pe, W&B1 Subfamily Rhodininae Rhodine loveni Malmgren, 1865 Rhodine loveni W&B1 Family Cossuridae Cossura longocirrata Webster and Benedict, 1887 Cossura longocirrata USNM, W&B1, W&B2 Family Opheliidae Ophelina acuminata Oersted, 1843 Ophelina acuminata Lr2, Lr3, P, S, R, T Ammotrypane aulogaster L Ophelina aulogastra W&B1 Travisia carnea Verrill, 1873 Travisia carnea Lr2, Lr3, M, R, T, Wi Family Orbiniidae Subfamily Orbiniinae Haploscoloplos fragilis (Verrill, 1873) Haploscoloplos fragilis P Haploscoloplos robustus (Verrill, 1873) Haploscoloplos robustus P Naineris quadricuspida (O. Fabricius, 1780) Naineris quadricuspida L, Lr, Mc, P, Pe, R, T, USNM, W&B1, [variant spelling Naidonereis in W&B1], W&B2, Wi Scoloplos (Leitoscoloplos) acutus (Verrill, 1873) Scoloplos (Leitoscoloplos) acutus P Scoloplos armiger (O.F. Müller, 1776) [wrong authors (Blnv.) Oersted cited in W&B1] Scoloplos armiger Pe, USNM, W, W&B1, W&B2 Family Paraonidae Aricidea (Acesta) catherinae Laubier, 1967 Aricidea jeffreysii Lr3 Aricidea nolani Webster and Benedict, 1887 Aricidea nolani USNM, W&B1,W&B2 Aricidea quadrilobata Webster and Benedict, 1887 Aricidea quadrilobata Mc, USNM, W, W&B1, W&B2 Levinsenia gracilis (Tauber, 1879) Paraonis gracilis Lr3 Paraonis fulgens (Levinsen, 1883) Paraonis fulgens Lr Family Scalibregmidae Scalibregma inflatum Rathke, 1843 Scalibregma inflatum W&B1, W&B2 Scalibregma minutum Webster and Benedict, 1887 Scalibregma minutum USNM, W, W&B1 2004 T.J. Trott 281 Palpata Aciculata Eunicida Family Dorvilleidae Parougia caeca (Webster and Benedict, 1887) Parougia caeca R Family Eunicidae Eunice pennata (O.F. Müller, 1776) Eunice pennata P, Pe Family Euphrosinidae Euphrosine borealis Oersted, 1843 Euphrosine borealis Pe, W, USNM, W&B1, W&B2 [varant spelling Euphrosyne in W&B1, 2] Family Lumbrinereidae Lumbrineris acicularum Webster and Benedict, 1887 Lumbrineris acicularum USNM, W&B1 [variant spelling Lumbrinereis in W&B1], W&B2 Lumbrineris fragilis (O.F. Müller, 1776) [wrong author (Aud. & M. Ed.) cited in W&B1] Lumbrineris fragilis L, Lr3, Mc, P, W, W&B1, W&B2 Lumbrineris hebes Verrill, 1880 Lumbrineris hebes W&B1 [variant spelling Lumbrinereis in W&B1] Lumbrineris tenuis (Verrill, 1873) Lumbrineris tenuis Lr3, P, S Ninoe nigripes Verrill, 1873 Ninoe nigripes Lr3, P, W&B1 Family Oenonidae Arabella iricolor (Montagu, 1804) Arabella iricolor P, T Drilonereis longa Webster, 1879 Drilonereis longa P Drilonereis magna Webster and Benedict, 1887 Drilonereis magna Lr3, P, USNM, W, W&B1, W&B2 Family Onuphidae Nothria conchylega (M. Sars, 1835) [wrong author Malmgren cited in W&B1] Nothria conchylega W&B1, W&B2 Onuphis conchylega Pe Phyllodocida Family Aphroditidae Aphrodita aculeata Linnaeus, 1758 Aphrodita aculeata Pe, W&B1 Aphrodite aculeata V6 Aphrodita hastata Moore, 1905 Aphrodita hastata L, Lr3, Pe Aphrodite hastata Lr2, P, S Laetmonice filicornis Kinberg, 1855 Laetmonice filicornis Pe Laetmonice armata W&B1 [variant spelling Laetmatonice of generic name in W&B1] Family Chrysopetalidae Dysponetus pygmaeus Levinsen, 1879 Dysponetus pygmaeus P, Pt, W&B2 Taphus hebes USNM, W, W&B1, W&B2 282 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 11, Special Issue 2 Family Goniadidae Goniada maculata Oersted, 1843 Goniada maculata USNM, W&B1, W&B2 Family Glyceridae Glycera capitata Oersted, 1843 Glycera capitata Lr2, Lr3, Pe Rhynchobolus capitatus W&B1 Glycera dibranchiata Ehlers, 1868 Glycera dibranchiata Mc, P, S, T Euglycera dibranchiatus W&B1 Family Goniadidae Goniada maculata Oersted, 1843 Goniada maculata W&B1 Family Hesionidae Gyptis vittata Webster and Benedict, 1887 Gyptis vittata P, USNM, W&B1, W&B2 Microphthalmus aberrans (Webster and Benedict, 1887) Microphthalmus aberrans P, Pt, R, W&B2 Podarke aberrans USNM, W, W&B1, W&B2 1Microphthalmus pettiboneae Riser, 2000 Microphthalmus pettiboneae R Family Nephtyidae Nephtys bucera Ehlers,1868 Nephtys bucera Lr3, P, R Nephtys picta Lr2 Nephtys caeca (O. Fabricius, 1780) [wrong author Oersted cited in W&B1] Nephtys caeca P, Pe, S, T, USNM, W, Wi Nephthys caeca W&B1, W&B2 Nephtys ciliata (O.F. Müller, 1788) [wrong author Rathke, 1843 cited in W&B1] Nephtys ciliata L, P, Pe, USNM Nephthys ciliata W&B1, W&B2 Nephtys discors Ehlers, 1868 Nephtys discors Pe Nephthys discors W&B1 Nephtys incisa Malmgren, 1865 Nephtys incisa S, USNM, W, Wi Nephthys incisa W&B1, W&B2 Nephtys longosetosa Oersted, 1843 Nephtys longosetosa Lr Nephtys paradoxa Malmgren, 1874 Nephtys paradoxa P Family Nereididae Neanthes diversicolor (O.F. Müller, 1776) Neanthes diversicolor Lr3 Hediste diversicolor P, R Nereis diversicolor Lr2 Neanthes virens (M. Sars, 1835) Nereis grandis V6, W&B2 Nereis virens Lr2, Mc, O, P, Pe, R, S, USNM, W&B1, W&B2 Nereis pelagica Linnaeus, 1761 Nereis pelagica L, Lr, Mc, P, Pe, Pt, USNM, W&B1, W&B2, Wi Nereis zonata Malmgren, 1867 Nereis zonata Lr2, Lr3 2004 T.J. Trott 283 Family Pholoidae Pholoe minuta (O. Fabricius, 1780) Pholoe minuta Lr2, Lr3, R, W, W&B1, W&B2 [wrong author Oersted cited in W&B1, 2] Family Phyllodocidae Eteone flava (O. Fabricius, 1780) Eteone sarsi W&B1 Eteone heteropoda Hartman, 1951 Eteone heteropoda P Eteone lactea Claparède, 1868 Eteone lactea M Eteone longa (O. Fabricius, 1780) Eteone longa Lr, Lr2, Lr3 Eteone trilineata Webster and Benedict, 1887 Eteone trilineata Lr2, Lr3, Pt, USNM, W, W&B1, W&B2 Eulalia bilineata Johnston, 1840 Eulalia bilineata USNM, W, W&B1, W&B2 Eulalia dubia W&B1, 2 Eulalia viridis (Linnaeus, 1767) [wrong author Müller cited in W&B2] Eulalia viridis L, M, P, Pe, USNM, W, W&B2 Mystides borealis Théel, 1879 Mystides borealis P, Pt, W&B2 Mystides viridis USNM, W&B1, W&B2 Paranaitis speciosa (Webster, 1880) Anaitis speciosa W&B1 Phyllodoce badia Malmgren, 1867 Phyllodoce badia W&B1 Phyllodoce groenlandica (Oersted, 1842) Phyllodoce groenlandica L, Lr2, Lr3, M, P (variant spelling P. groenlandic in P), Pe, USNM, W&B1, W&B2 Phyllodoce maculata (Linnaeus, 1767) Phyllodoce maculata Lr2, Lr3, USNM, W&B2 Phyllodoce mucosa Oersted, 1843 Phyllodoce mucosa Mc, USNM, W, W&B1, W&B2 Family Polynoidae Subfamily Harmothoinae Eunoe nodosa (M. Sars, 1861) [wrong author Malmgren cited in W&B1] Eunoe nodosa W&B1 [variant spelling Eunoa in W&B1] Harmothoe nodosa Pe Eunoe oerstedi Malmgren, 1865 Eunoe oerstedi Pe Harmothoe oerstedi Pe Gattyana cirrhosa (Pallas, 1766) Gattyana cirrhosa M, P Nychia cirrosa W&B1 Harmothoe imbricata (Linnaeus, 1767) [wrong author Malmgren cited in W&B1] Harmothoe imbricata L, Lr2, Lr3, O [variant spelling Harmathoe in O], P, Pe, R, S, T, W&B1 [variant spelling Hamathoë in W&B1], Wi Lagisca extenuata (Grube, 1840) Lagisca extenuata Lr, Lr3, R 284 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 11, Special Issue 2 Harmothoe extenuata Lr2, Pe, Wi [variant spelling H. extenuate in Wi] Lagisca rarispina (M. Sars, 1861) [wrong author (Malmgren) cited in W&B1] Lagisca rarispina W&B1 Subfamily Lepidonotidae Lepidametria commensalis (Webster, 1879) Lepidametria commensalis P Lepidonotus squamatus (Linnaeus, 1767) [wrong author (Kinberg) cited in W&B1] Lepidonotus squamatus L, Lr3, O, P, Pe, R, S, T, W&B1, Wi Family Protodriloididae Protodriloides cf chaetifer (Remane, 1925) Protodriloides cf chaetifer R Family Sigalionidae Neoleanira tetragona (Oersted, 1845) Leanira tetragona Pe Family Sphaerodoridae Ephesiella minuta (Webster and Benedict, 1887) Ephesiella minuta P, Pt, W&B2 Ephesia gracilis W&B1 Ephesia minuta USNM, W, W&B1, W&B2 Sphaerodorum gracilis USNM, W, W&B2 Family Syllidae Subfamily Autolytinae Autolytus prolifer (O. F. Müller, 1788) Autolytus prolifer L, USNM, W&B2 Autolytus varians Verrill, 1881 Autolytus solitarius USNM, W&B1, W&B2 Autolytus verrilli Marenzeller, 1892 Autolytus alexandri L, USNM, W, W&B2 Proceraea ornata W&B1 Stephanosyllis ornata W&B1 Proceraea cornuta L. Agassiz, 1862 Autolytus cornutus L, USNM, W&B1, W&B2 Proceraea prismatica O. Fabricius, 1780 Autolytus prismaticus L, USNM, W, W&B2 Proceraea gracilis Pe, W&B1, W&B2 Subfamily Eusyllinae Amblyosyllis cincinnata (Verrill, 1874) Amblyosyllis cincinnata R Amblyosyllis finmarchica (Malmgren, 1867) Amblyosyllis finmarchica L, M, P, Pt, USNM, W&B2 Pterosyllis cincinnata W&B1 [variant spelling P. cincinnatta in W&B1] Streptosyllis varians Webster and Benedict, 1887 Streptosyllis varians P, Pt, USNM, W, W&B2 Syllides benedicti Banse, 1972 Syllides benedicti R, W&B2 2004 T.J. Trott 285 Syllides convoluta Webster and Benedict, 1884 Syllides convoluta R, W&B1 Syllides eburneus Riser, 1997 Syllides eburneus R Syllides longocirrata (Oersted, 1845) Syllides longocirrata USNM, W, W&B1, W&B2 Subfamily Exogoninae Eusyllis blomstrandi Malmgren, 1867 Eusyllis blomstrandi L, P, Pt, USNM, W&B1, W&B2 Exogone dispar (Webster, 1879) Exogone dispar Lr2, Lr3, R, W&B2 Exogone hebes (Webster and Benedict, 1884) Exogone hebes Lr, Mc, R, USNM, W, W&B2 Paedophylax hebes W&B1, W&B2 Exogone longicirrus Webster and Benedict, 1887 Paedophylax longicirris USNM, W, W&B1, W&B2 Exogone verugera (Claparède, 1868) Exogone verugera Lr2, Lr3, W&B2 Paedophylax brevicornis USNM, W, W&B1, W&B2 Sphaerosyllis brevifrons Webster and Benedict, 1884 Sphaerosyllis brevifrons R, USNM, W, W&B1, W&B2 Sphaerosyllis erinaceus Claparède, 1863 Sphaerosyllis erinaceus W&B2 Sphaerosyllis longicauda USNM, W, W&B1 Family Syllinae Ehlersia cornuta (Rathke, 1843) Syllis cornuta L, P, USNM, W, W&B2 Syllis pallida W&B1 Syllis gracilis Grube, 1840 Syllis gracilis Lr2, Lr3 Typosyllis pallida (Verrill, 1875) Typosyllis pallida R Family Tomopteridae Tomopteris helgolandica Greeff, 1879 Tomopteris helgolandica P Tomopteris smithii V14 Aciculata incertae sedis Family Nerillidae Mesonerilla Remane, 1949 Mesonerilla R (several unidentified species) Family Spintheridae Spinther citrinus (Stimpson, 1854) Spinther citrinus Pe, USNM, V6, W, W&B1, W&B2 Canalipalpata Family Oweniidae Myriochele heeri Malmgren, 1867 Myriochele heeri W&B1 Owenia fusiformis Delle Chiaje, 1844 Owenia fusiformis Lr3 Owenia assimilis W&B1 Family Sabellidae Subfamily Fabricinae Bispira crassicornis (Sars, 1851) Bispira crassicornis L, M, S, USNM, W&B2, Wi 286 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 11, Special Issue 2 Sabella crassicornis P, Pe Sabella spetsbergensis W [variant spelling S. spitzbergensis in W], W&B1, W&B2 Fabricia stellaris (O.F. Müller, 1774) Fabricia sabella Lr, Mc, P Othonia fabricii W&B1 Subfamily Myxicolinae Myxicola infundibulum (Montagu, 1808) Myxicola infundibulum L, M, P, Pe, R, S [misspelled as Myicola], T, Wi Myxicola steenstrupi Kröyer, 1856 Myxicola steenstrupi Pe, V6, W&B1 Subfamily Sabellinae Potamilla neglecta (M. Sars, 1851) Potamilla neglecta Pe Potamilla reniformis (O. F. Müller, 1771) [wrong author Malmgren in W&B1] Potamilla reniformis L, M, P, Pe, W&B1 Family Serpulidae Subfamily Serpulinae Filograna implexa Berkeley, 1828 Filograna implexa L, P, R, W&B1 [variant spelling Filigrana in W&B1], Wi Hydroides dianthus (Verrill, 1873) Hydroides dianthus Lr3, P Spirorbis borealis Daudin, 1800 Spirorbis borealis L, Lr3, O [misspelled as Spirobis in O], P, S,T, Wi Spirorbis spirillum (Linnaeus, 1758) Spirorbis spirillum L, Lr3, O [misspelled as Spirobis in O], P, T Spirorbis violaceus Levinsen, 1883 Spirorbis violaceus L Vermilia serrula Stimpson, 1854 Vermilia serrula W&B1 Spionida Family Apistobranchidae Apistobranchus tullbergi (Théel, 1879) Apistobranchus tullbergi W&B2 [variant spelling A. tulberg in W&B2] Ethocles typicus W&B1, W&B2 Family Spionidae Dipolydora concharum Verrill, 1879 Dipolydora concharum W&B1 Polydora concharum W, USNM, W&B2 [variant spelling P. conchara in W&B2] Dipolydora quadrilobata (Jacobi, 1883) Dipolydora quadrilobata P Laonice cirrata (M. Sars, 1851) Laonice cirrata W&B2 Scolecolepis cirrata W&B1 Spionides cirratus USNM, W&B1, W&B2 Marenzellaria viridis (Verrill, 1873) Scolecolepis viridis P Polydora ciliata (Johnston, 1838) Polydora ciliata P 2004 T.J. Trott 287 Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802 Polydora ligni Lr, P, USNM, W, W&B2 Polydora gracilis Verrill, 1880 Polydora gracilis W&B1 Prionospio steenstrupi Malmgren, 1867 Prionospio steenstrupi USNM, W, W&B1, W&B2 Pygospio elegans Claparède, 1863 Pygospio elegans Lr, P, R, W&B2 Prionospio tenuis Verrill, 1880 Prionospio tenuis W&B2 Spio filicornis (O. F. Müller, 1776) Spio filicornis Mc, W&B1 Spio rathbuni Webster and Benedict, 1884 Spio rathbuni USNM, W, W&B1, W&B2 Spio setosa Verrill, 1873 Spio setosa Lr, P, R, USNM, W, W&B2 Spiophanes bombyx (Claparède, 1870) Spiophanes bombyx Mc Spiophanes wigleyi Pettibone, 1962 Spiophanes wigleyi Mc Streblospio benedicti Webster, 1879 Streblospio benedicti Mc, USNM, W, W&B1 Terebellida Family Acrocirridae Acrocirrus leidyi Verrill, 1882 Acrocirrus leidyi R Macrochaeta sexoculata (Webster and Benedict 1887) Macrochaeta sexoculata W&B2 Ledon sexoculata USNM, W, W&B1, W&B2 Family Ampharetidae Subfamily Melinninae Melinna cristata (M. Sars, 1851) [wrong author Malmgren cited in W&B1] Melinna cristata W&B1 Subfamily Ampharetinae Ampharete acutifrons (Grube, 1860) Ampharete acutifrons USNM, W&B2 Ampharete cirrata Webster and Benedict, 1887 Ampharete cirrata W&B1, W&B2 Ampharete trilobata Webster and Benedict, 1887 Ampharete trilobata USNM, W&B1 Pista maculata (Dalyell, 1853) Scione lobata W&B1 Sabellides octocirrata (M. Sars, 1835) Sabellides octocirrata W&B1 Family Cirratulidae Chaetozone setosa Malmgren, 1867 Chaetozone setosa W&B1 Cirratulus cirratus (O.F. Müller, 1776) [wrong author Malmgren cited in W&B1] Cirratulus cirratus W&B1 Dodecaceria concharum Oersted, 1843 Dodecaceria concharum W&B1 Dodecaceria coralii Pe Tharyx acutus Webster and Benedict, 1887 288 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 11, Special Issue 2 Tharyx acutus L, P, W, W&B1, W&B2 Tharyx similis Webster and Benedict, 1887 Tharyx similis W&B1 Family Flabelligeridae Brada granosa Stimpson, 1854 Brada granosa L, Lr3, P, R, T, W&B1 Brada setosa Verrill, 1873 Brada setosa P Brada sublaevis Stimpson, 1854 Brada sublaevis W&B1 Brada villosa (Rathke, 1843) Brada villosa Lr3 Flabelligera affinis M. Sars, 1829 Flabelligera affinis Lr3, Pe, R, T, W&B1 Flabelligera grubei (Webster and Benedict, 1887) Siphonostomum grubei USNM, W, W&B1, W&B2 Pherusa affinis (Leidy, 1855) Pherusa affinis P, R Pherusa aspera (Stimpson, 1854) Trophonia aspera V6, W&B1 Pherusa plumosa (O.F. Müller, 1771) Trophonia plumosa W&B1 Zorus sarsi Webster and Benedict, 1887 Zorus sarsi USNM, W, W&B1, W&B2 Family Pectinariidae Pectinaria gouldii (Verrill, 1873) Pectinaria gouldii Lr3, P, S Cistenides gouldi R Pectinaria granulata (Linnaeus, 1767) Pectinaria granulata P, L, T Cistenides granulata W&B1 Family Sternapsidae Sternaspis fossor Stimpson, 1854 Sternaspis fossor fl, Pe, W&B1 Sternapsis scutata (Renier, 1807) Sternapsis scutata Lr3 Family Terebellidae Subfamily Artacaminae Artacama proboscidea Malmgren, 1866 Artacama proboscidea W&B1 Subfamily Amphitritinae Amphitrite brunnea Verrill, 1879 Amphitrite brunnea Pe, V6, W&B1 Terebella brunnea P Amphitrite cirrata O.F. Müller, 1771 Amphitrite cirrata L, P, Pe, S, T, USNM, W&B1 Amphitrite johnstoni Malmgren, 1866 Amphitrite johnstoni M, O, P, L, Lr, R, S [misspelled as A. johnsoni in S], T, Wi Amphitrite ornata (Leidy, 1855) Amphitrite ornata O, P, S, Wi [misspelled as A. ornate in Wi] Neoamphitrite affinis (Malmgren, 1866) Neoamphitrite affinis L, P, R Nicolea zostericola (Oersted in Grube, 1860) [wrong author Malmgren in W&B1] Nicolea zostericola W&B1 2004 T.J. Trott 289 Subfamily Polycirrinae Polycirrus eximius (Leidy, 1855) Polycirrus eximius M [misspelled as P. eximus in M], P, R Polycirrus medusa Grube, 1850 Ereutho smitti W&B1 Polycirrus ? phoshoreus Verrill, 1880 Polycirrus ? phoshoreus W&B1 Subfamily Thelepinae Thelepus cincinnatus (O. Fabricius, 1780) [wrong author Malmgren in W&B1] Thelepus cincinnatus L, P, Pe, W&B1, Wi [misspelled as T. cinninatus in Wi] Thelphusa circinnata V6 Family Trichobranchidae Terebellides stroemii M. Sars, 1835 Terebellides stroemi W&B1 Trichobranchus glacialis W&B1 Canalipalpata incertae sedis Family Polygordiidae Protodriloides chaetifer Remane, 1926 Protodriloides chaetifer R Polychaeta incertae sedis Family Psammodrilidae Psammodrilus balanoglossoides Swedmark, 1952 Psammodrilus balanoglossoides R Class Clitellata Subclass Oligochaeta Family Tubificidae Subfamily Tubificinae Clitellio arenareus (O.F. Müller, 1776) Clitellio arenareus R Tubificoides benedii (d’Udekem 1885) Tubificoides benedii R Family Enchytraeidae Enchytraeus albidus Henle, 1837 Enchytraeus albidus R Marionina spicula (Leuckart, 1887) Marionina spicula R 1Podarke aberrans, pro parte “juvenile form”; Micropthalmus aberrans, pro parte (see Riser 2000). Key to the Abbreviations for Annelida L Langer 1973 Lr Larsen et al. 1979 Lr2 Larsen and Doggett 1975 Lr3 Larsen 1975 M Mienkoth 1975 Mc McCullough 1981 O O’Brien 1972 P Perkins and Larsen 1975 Pe Peabody Museum Pt Pettibone 1963 R Riser 1970 S Spencer 1973 T Trott 2004b USNM United States National Museum V6 Verrill 1871b V14 Verrill 1880a W Webster NMNH Records W&B1 Webster and Benedict 1887 W&B2 Webster and Benedict NMNH Records Wi Weiss 1980 290 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 11, Special Issue 2 PHYLUM ARTHROPODA Subphylum Crustacea Class Malacostraca Subclass Eumalacostraca Superorder Eucarida Order Euphausiacea Family Euphausiidae Meganyctiphanes norvegica (M. Sars, 1857) Meganyctiphanes norvegica M, T, USNM Thysanoessa inermis (Kröyer, 1846) Thysanoessa inermis Pe, USNM Order Decapoda Suborder Pleocyemata Infraorder Caridea Superfamily Palaemonoidea Family Palaemonidae Palaemonetes pugio Holthuis, 1949 Palaemonetes pugio P, T Palaemonetes vulgaris (Say, 1818) Palaemonetes vulgaris O, P Family Hippolytidae Caridion gordoni (Bate, 1888) Caridion gordoni V9 Eualus fabricii (Kröyer, 1841) Eualus fabricii P Hippolyte fabricii Pe, Sm Spirontocaris fabricii Ra Eualus gaimardi (H. Milne-Edwards, 1837) Spirontocaris gaimardi Ra Eualus pusiolus (Kröyer, 1841) Eualus pusiolus Lr2 Hippolyte pusiola Sm Lebbeus groenlandicus (J. C. Fabricius, 1775) Lebbeus groenlandicus L, Lr3, P Hippolyte groenlandica Pe, Sm Spirontocaris groenlandica Ra Spirontocaris groenlandicus L, O, Wi Lebbeus polaris (Sabine, 1824) Lebbeus polaris L, P Hippolyte polaris Sm Spirontocaris polaris L Spirontocaris phippsii (Kröyer, 1841) Spirontocaris phippsii Lr2, Lr3, Ra Hippolyte phippsii Sm Spirontocaris spinus (Sowerby, 1805) Hippolyte spinus Sm Superfamily Pandaloidea Family Pandalidae Dichelopandalus leptocerus (Smith, 1881) Pandalus annulicornis V6 Pandalus montagui Leach, 1814 Pandalus montagui L, Lr2, Lr3, P Pandalus annulicornis V6 Superfamily Crangonoidea Family Crangonidae Crangon septemspinosa Say, 1818 Crangon septemspinosa L, Mc, P, R Crangon vulgaris V6 Sclerocrangon boreas (Phipps, 1774) Sclerocrangon boreas L, P [variant spelling S. boreal in P], Pe Crangon boreas V6 Infraorder Astacidea Superfamily Nephropoidea Family Nephropsidae Homarus americanus H. Milne Edwards, 1837 2004 T.J. Trott 291 Homarus americanus L, P, R Infraorder Anomura Superfamily Paguroidea Family Paguridae Pagurus acadianus Benedict, 1901 Pagurus acadianus L, P, R, S, T Pagurus arcuatus Squires, 1964 Pagurus arcuatus L, M Pagurus longicarpus Say, 1817 Pagurus longicarpus P, R Pagurus pubescens Kröyer, 1838 Pagurus pubescens Lr2, Lr3, P, S Infraorder Brachyura Section Oxyrhyncha Superfamily Majoidea Family Majidae Hyas araneus (Linnaeus, 1758) Hyas araneus P, R, T Hyas coarctatus Leach, 1815 Hyas coarctatus fl, L, P, Wi Libinia dubia H. Milne Edwards, 1834 Libinia dubia P Libinia emarginata Leach, 1815 Libinia emarginata P, R Section Cancridea Superfamily Cancroidea Family Cancridae Cancer borealis Stimpson, 1859 Cancer borealis L, P, R, T Cancer irroratus Say, 1817 Cancer irroratus L, Mc, P, R, T, V6, Wi Section Brachyrhyncha Superfamily Portunoidea Family Portunidae Carcinus maenas (Linnaeus, 1758) Carcinus maenas L, P, R, T, Wi Superorder Peracarida Order Mysidacea Family Mysidae Mysis gaspensis Tattersall, 1954 Mysis gaspensis Bo, Lr, P Mysis mixta Lilljeborg, 1852 Mysis mixta P, Pe, T, USNM Mysis stenolepis Smith, 1873 Mysis stenolepis Lr, P Praunus flexuosus (O.F. Müller, 1776) Praunus flexuosus P Order Cumacea Family Bodotriidae Mancocuma stellifera Zimmer, 1943 Mancocuma stellifera P Family Leuconidae Leucon nasicoides (Lilljeborg, 1855) Leucon nasicoides Ra, Sm Family Diastylidae Diastylis lucifera (Kröyer, 1841) Diastylis lucifera Sm Diastylis quadrispinosa G.O. Sars, 1871 Diastylis quadrispinosa Pe, T Diastylis sculpta G.O. Sars, 1871 Diastylis sculpta Sm [variant spelling D. sculptus in Sm] Order Isopoda Suborder Anthuridea Family Anthuridae Calathura brachiata (Stimpson, 1853) 292 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 11, Special Issue 2 Calathura brachiata Pe, Rc Parathura brachiata Pe Cyathura polita (Stimpson, 1856) Cyathura polita Lr3, Pe Ptilanthura tenuis (Harger, 1878) Ptilanthura tenuis Lr2 Suborder Asellota Family Janiridae Jaera albifrons Leach, 1814 sensu lato1 Jaera albifrons USNM Jaera copiosa Pe Jaera marina L, P, R, T Janira alta (Stimpson, 1853) Janira alta H2, Pe, Rc Family Munnopsidae Munnopsis typica M. Sars, 1860 Munnopsis typica H2 Family Munnidae Munna fabricii Kröyer, 1846 Munna fabricii H, Ra Suborder Epicaridea Family Bopyridae Bopyroides hippolytes (Kröyer, 1838) Bopyroides hippolytes Rc, USNM Suborder Flabellifera Family Limnoriidae Limnoria lignorum (Rathke, 1799) Limnoria lignorum L Family Cirolanidae Politolana concharum (Stimpson, 1853) Cirolana concharum P Politolana polita (Stimpson, 1853) Cirolana polita H, Ra Suborder Gnathiidea Family Gnathiidae Caecognathia elongata (Kröyer, 1849) Gnathia cerina Pe, USNM, Rc Suborder Oniscidea Family Philosciidae Philoscia vittata (Say, 1818) Philoscia vittata Lr Suborder Valvifera Family Idoteidae Chiridotea caeca (Say, 1818) Chiridotea caeca Lr, Mc, P, R, S [mis-spelled as C. ceca in S] Chiridotea tuftsii (Stimpson, 1853) Chiridotea tuftsii H2, Lr, Lr2, Lr3, R, Ra, Rc Edotia triloba (Say, 1818) Edotea triloba Lr2, Lr3, P, Pe, R Edotea montosa Pe, Rc, USNM Epelys montosus H2, Pe Idotea balthica (Pallas, 1772) Idotea balthica L, O, P, R Idotea metallica Bosc, 1802 Idotea metallica R Idotea phosphorea Harger, 1873 Idotea phosphorea L, O, P, Pe, R, T Order Amphipoda Suborder Hyperiidea Family Hyperiidae Hyperia galba Montagu, 1813 Hyperia galba Ho, Pe, Ra Hyperia medusarum (O.F. Müller, 1776) Hyperia medusarum medusarum Pe Themisto compressa Goës, 1866 Parathemisto compressa P Suborder Gammaridea Family Acanthonotozomatidae Acanthonotozoma serratum (O. Fabricius, 1780) 2004 T.J. Trott 293 Acanthonotozoma serratum Pe Family Ampeliscidae Ampelisca macrocephala Lilljeborg, 1852 Ampelisca macrocephala Lr2, Lr3, Mc, Pe Ampelisca vadorum Mills, 1963 Amplesca vadorum Lr2, Lr3 Byblis gaimardi (Kröyer, 1846) Byblis gaimardi Ho Byblis serrata Smith, 1873 Byblis serratus Pe Haploops setosa Boeck, 1870 Haploops setosa Pe Haploops tubicola Lilljeborg, 1855 Haploops tubicola Pe Haploops spinosa Lr3 Family Ampithoidae Ampithoe rubricata (Montagu, 1808) Ampithoe rubricata Lr, M, P, Pe, R Family Aoridae Leptocheirus pinguis (Stimpson, 1853) Leptocheirus pinguis L, Lr3, P, Pe Unciola inermis Shoemaker, 1945 Unciola inermis Pe Unciola irrorata Say, 1818 Unciola irrorata Lr2, Lr3, Pe, R Family Calliopidae Calliopius laeviusculus (Kröyer, 1838) Calliopius laeviusculus P, Pe Family Corophiidae Corophium volutator (Pallas, 1766) Corophium volutator G2, L, Mc, P Crassicorophium bonnellii (Milne-Edwards, 1830) Corophium bonnellii Lr2, Lr3 Crassicorophium crassicorne (Bruzelius, 1859) Crassicorophium crassicorne Lr3 Corophium crassicorne R Monocorophium insidiosum (Crawford, 1939) Corophium insidiosum R Family Dexamine Dexamine thea Boeck, 1861 Dexamine thea Lr2, Lr3 Family Epimeriidae Epimeria loricata G. O. Sars, 1879 Epimeria loricata Ho Paramphithoe hystrix (J. C. Ross, 1835) Paramphithoe hystrix Pe Acanthozone cuspidata Ho Family Eusiridae Eusirus cuspidatus Kröyer, 1845 Eusirus cuspidatus Pe Pontogeneia inermis (Kröyer, 1838) Pontogeneia inermis Pe Family Gammarellidae Gammarellus angulosus (Rathke, 1843) Gammarellus angulosus Pe, R Family Gammaridae Eulimnogammarus obtusatus (Dahl, 1938) Marinogammarus obtusatus Lr Gammarus annulatus Smith, 1873 Gammarus annulatus Ra 294 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 11, Special Issue 2 Gammarus lawrencianus Bousfield, 1956 Gammarus lawrencianus Lr, Pe Gammarus oceanicus Segerstrale, 1947 Gammarus oceanicus Lr, Mc, O, P, Pe, R, S Gammarus setosus Dementieva, 1931 Gammarus setosus Pe Marinogammarus finmarchicus (Dahl, 1938) Marinogammarus finmarchicus Lr Family Hyalidae Hyale prevostii (Milne- Edwards, 1830) Hyale nilssoni Pe Family Isaeidae Gamaropsis melanops G. O. Sars, 1882 Eurystheus melanops Pe Gammaropsis maculata Pe Gammaropsis nitida (Stimpson, 1853) Podoceropsis nitida H, Pe, Ra Photis reinhardi Kröyer, 1842 Photis reinhardi Pe Family Ischyroceridae Erichthonius difformis Milne-Edwards, 1830 Erichthonius difformis Pe Erichthonius rubricornis (Stimpson, 1853) Erichthonius rubricornis Lr3 Ischyrocerus anguipes Kröyer, 1838 Ischyrocerus anguipes Lr2, Lr3, Pe Ischyrocerus megacheir (Boeck, 1870) Ischyrocerus megacheir Pe Jassa marmorata Holmes, 1903 Jassa falcata R Family Lysianassidae Hippomedon serratus Holmes, 1903 Hippomedon serratus Lr2, Lr3 Orchomene macroserrata Shoemaker, 1930 Orchomene macroserrata Pe Orchomenella minuta (Kröyer, 1846) Orchomenella minuta Lr2, Lr3, Pe Orchomenella pinguis (Boeck, 1861) Orchomenella pinguis Lr2, Lr3 Family Melitidae Maera danae (Stimpson, 1853) Maera danae Ho, Pe, Ra Megamoera dentata (Kröyer, 1842) Melita dentata Lr2, Lr3 Family Melphidippidae Casco bigelowi (Blake, 1929) Casco bigelowi Lr2, Lr3, Pe Melphidippa goesi Stebbing, 1899 Melphidippa spinosa Ho, Ra Family Oedicerotidae Deflexilodes intermedius (Shoemaker, 1930) Monoculodes intermedius Lr2, Lr3 Paroediceros lynceus (M. Sars, 1858) Paroediceros lynceus Ho Family Phoxocephalidae Harpinia plumosa (Kröyer, 1842) 2004 T.J. Trott 295 Harpinia plumosa Pe Harpinia propinqua G. O. Sars, 1891 Harpinia propinqua Lr2, Lr3, Pe Phoxocephalus holbolli (Kröyer, 1842) Phoxocephalus holbolli Lr2, Lr3 Family Pleustidae Pleustes panoplus (Kröyer, 1838) Pleustes panoplus Ho, Pe, Ra Pleusymtes glaber (Boeck, 1861) Sympleustes glaber Ra Stenopleustes inermis Shoemaker, 1949 Stenopleustes inermis Lr2, Lr3 Family Podoceridae Dyopedas porrecta Bate, 1857 Dulichia porrecta Ho, Ra Family Pontoporeiidae Amphiporeia lawrenciana Shoemaker, 1929 Amphiporeia lawrenciana Pe Family Stegocephalidae Stegocephalus inflatus Kröyer, 1842 Stegocephalus inflatus Ho, Ra Family Stenothoidae Metopa alderi (Bate, 1857) Metopa alderi Pe Metopa glacialis (Kröyer, 1842) Metopa glacialis Pe Metopa groenlandica (Hansen, 1887) Metopa groenlandica Ho, Ra Metopa solsbergi Schneider, 1884 Metopa solsbergi Pe Proboloides holmesi Bousfield, 1973 Proboloides holmesi Pe Family Synopiidae Syrrhoe crenulata Goës, 1866 Syrrhoe crenulata Ra Family Talitridae Orchestia gammarella (Pallas, 1766) Orchestia gammarella Pe Platorchestia platensis (Kröyer, 1845) Orchestia platensis Lr Family Uristidae Anonyx lilljeborgi (Boeck, 1870) Anonyx lilljeborgi Lr2, Lr3 Gronella groenlandica (Hansen, 1887) Orchomenella groenlandica Pe Suborder Caprellidea Family Caprellidae Aeginina longicornis (Kröyer, 1842) Aeginina longicornis Lr3 Aeginella longicornis Ho, P, Pe Aegina longicornis spinifera Ra Aegina longicornis spinosissima Ra Caprella linearis (Linnaeus, 1767) Caprella linearis Ho, Lr2, Lr3, Pe, R, Ra Caprella penantis Leach, 1814 Caprella penantis P Caprella acutifrons R Caprella geometrica O Caprella septentrionalis Kröyer, 1838 Caprella septentrionalis Ho, L, P, Pe, Ra 296 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 11, Special Issue 2 Caprella septentrionalis longicornis Ra Caprella septentrionalis stimpsoni Ra Caprella stimpsoni H Caprella unica Mayer, 1903 Caprella grahami O Class Maxillopoda Subclass Cirripedia Superorder Thoracica Order Pedunculata Suborder Lepadomorpha Family Lepadidae Lepas anatifera Linnaeus, 1758 Lepas anatifera L, P Dosima fascicularis (Ellis and Solander, 1786) Dosima fascicularis Pe Order Sessilia Suborder Balanomorpha Superfamily Balanoidea Family Archaeobalanidae Subfamily Semibalaninae Semibalanus balanoides (Linnaeus, 1767) Semibalanus balanoides R, T Balanus balanoides L, Lr2, O, P, R, S, USNM, Wi Family Balanidae Subfamily Balaninae Balanus balanus (Linnaeus, 1758) Balanus balanus L, M, O, P, Pe, S, T, USNM Balanus porcatus Ra, USNM Balanus crenatus Bruguière, 1789 Balanus crenatus Pe, USNM, Wi Superorder Rhizocephala Order Kentrogonida Family Peltogastridae Peltogaster paguri Rathke, 1842 Peltogaster paguri Pa Subphylum Pycnogonida Class Pantopoda Family Nymphonidae Nymphon grossipes (O. Fabricius, 1780) Nymphon grossipes W, W2 Nymphon hirtipes Bell, 1855 Nymphon hirtipes Lr2, Lr3 Nymphon longitarse Kröyer, 1844 Nymphon longitarse R Nymphon stroemi Kröyer, 1844 Nymphon stroemi W, W2 Family Ammotheidae Achelia spinosa (Stimpson, 1853) Achelia spinosa He, Pe, Lr3, W, W2 Family Tanystylidae Tanystylum orbiculare Wilson, 1878 Tanystylum orbiculare W Family Phoxichilidiidae Anoplodactylus lentus Wilson, 1878 Anoplodactylus lentus He, M, P, W, W2 Phoxichilidium femoratum (Rathke, 1799) Phoxichilidium femoratum L, P, R, S, T, USNM Phoxichilidium maxillare W2 Family Pycnogonidae Pycnogonum littorale (Ström, 1762) 2004 T.J. Trott 297 Pycnogonum littorale He, L, Lr3, M, P, S, T, USNM, W2, Wi Family Pallenidae Pseudopallene circularis (Goodsir, 1842) Pseudopallene circularis He Pseudopallene discoidea (Kröyer, 1844) Pseudopallene discoidea W, W2 Pseudopallene hispida (Stimpson, 1853) Pseudopallene hispida W, W2 UNCERTAIN RECORDS Order Amphipoda Suborder Gammaridea Family Lysianassidae 2Psammonyx nobilis (Stimpson, 1853) Psammonyx nobilis Lr, Pe Family Uristidae 3Anonyx sarsi Steele and Brunel, 1968 Anonyx sarsi P 1Includes at least three sibling species in Maine: Jaera albifrons Leach, 1814; J. ischiosetosa Forsman, 1949; and J. praehirsuta Forsman, 1949 (Perkins and Larsen 1975). 2Either P. nobilis (Stimpson, 1853) or P. terranovae Steele, 1979 (P. Brunel, Université de Montréal, pers. comm.). 3Recorded by Perkins and Larsen (1975) as Anonyx nugnax. The specimens need to be re-examined for confirmation of this identification (P. Brunel, Université de Montréal, pers. comm.). Key to the Abbreviations for Arthropoda Bo Bousfield 1972 G2 Gilbert 1977b H Harger 1880a H2 Harger 1880b He Hedgpeth 1948 Ho Holmes 1905 L Langer 1973 Lr Larsen et al. 1979 Lr2 Larsen and Doggett 1975 Lr3 Larsen 1975 M Meinkoth 1975 Mc McCullough 1981 O O’Brien 1972 P Perkins and Larsen 1975 Pa Packard 1867 Pe Peabody Museum R Riser 1970 Ra Rathbun 1905 Rc Richardson 1905 S Spencer 1973 Sm Smith 1879 T Trott 2004b USNM United States National Museum V6 Verrill 1871b V9 Verrill 1873 W Wilson 1878 W2 Wilson 1880 Wi Weiss 1980 298 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 11, Special Issue 2 PHYLUM MOLLUSCA Class Polyplacophora Order Neoloricata Family Lepidopleuridae Lepidopleurus cancellatus (Sowerby, 1839) Lepidopleurus cancellatus Lr2 Family Hanleyidae Hanleya dalli Kaas, 1957 Lepidopleuridea carinata J2 Hanleya mendicaria (Mighels and Adams, 1842) Hanleya mendicaria J Chiton mendicarius Pe Family Ischnochitonidae Stenosemus albus (Linnaeus, 1767) Stenosemus albus T Chiton albus fl, V6 Ischnochiton albus L, M, O, P, Pe, R, S, Wi [misspelled as I. alba in Wi] Leptochiton albus Pe Trachydermon albus J, Pe Family Tonicellidae Tonicella marmorea (O. Fabricius, 1780) Tonicella marmorea L, Lr2, M, O, P, Pe, S, R, T, Wi Chiton laevigatus Mg Chiton marmoreus fl, V6 Tonicella marmorea coerulea J, J2 Tonicella rubra (Linnaeus, 1767) Tonicella rubra L, Lr2, Pe, T Chiton ruber V6 Ischnochiton ruber O, P, S, R, Wi Trachydermon ruber J, Pe, V15 Class Gastropoda Order Patellogastropoda Family Lottiidae Tectura testudinalis (O. F. Müller, 1776) Tectura testudinalis fl, Lr3, Pe, T Acmaea testudinalis L, O, P, Pe, R, S, Wi Patella amoena Mg Family Lepitidae Lepeta caeca (O. F. Müller, 1776) Lepeta caeca L, Lr2, Lr3, Pe Order Archeogastropoda Family Fissurellidae Puncturella noachina (Linnaeus, 1771) Puncturella noachina L, P, R, Pe Diadora noachina St Cemoria noachina fl, Pe Puncturella princeps J Family Turbinidae Moelleria costulata (Möller, 1842) Moelleria costulata J, L, P Family Trochidae Margarites argentatus (Gould, 1841) Margarites argentatus Pe [variant spelling M. argentata in Pe] Margarites costalis costalis (Gould, 1841) Margarita cinerea fl, Fl2, Pe Margarites cinerea J Margarites costalis L, Lr2, Lr3, P, Pe, Wi Margarites helicinus (Phipps, 1774) Margarites helicinus G1, L, Lr2, P, Pe, R, T Margarita campanulata Pe Margarita helicina fl, Fl2, Pe Margarites helicina J 2004 T.J. Trott 299 Margarites olivaceus (Brown, 1827) Margarites olivaceus Pe Margarites olivacea J 1Margarites striatus Leach, 1819 Margarita undulata fl, Fl2, V6 Margarita groenlandica Pe Margarites groenlandica J, L, M, P, Pe [misspelled as M. groenlandicus in Pe], R, S [misspelled as M.groenlandiens in S],Wi [misspelled as M.groenlandicus in Wi] Solariella obscura (Couthouy, 1838) Solariella obscura J, Wt Machaeroplax obscura var. bella V17 Margarita obscura Pe Solariella obscura var. bella J, Wt Family Calliostomatidae Calliostoma occidentale (Mighels and Adams, 1842) Calliostoma occidentale J, L, Lr2, M, P, Pe, T Order Neotaenioglossa Family Turritellidae Tachyrhynchus erosus (Couthouy, 1838) Turritella erosa J, Pe, T Family Littorinidae Lacuna pallidula (da Costa, 1778) Lacuna pallidula P, Pe Lacuna pallidula neritoidea J Lacuna vincta (Montagu, 1803) Lacuna vincta L, Lr, P, Pe, R, S, T, Wi Littorina littorea (Linnaeus, 1758) Littorina littorea fl, Fl2, L, Mc, O, P, Pe, R, S, T, USNM, Wi Lacuna littoralis Pe Littorina obtusata (Linnaeus, 1758) Littorina obtusata L, Lr, Mc, O, P, Pe, R, S [misspelled as L. obstusata in S], T, USNM, Wi Littorina palliata Pe Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792) Littorina saxatilis L, Lr [mis-spelled as L. saxatilus in Lr], Mc, P [misspelled as L. saxatilus in P], Pe, S, R, T, USNM, Wi Littorina rudis fl, Fl2, Pe Family Skeneopsidae Skeneopsis planorbis (O. Fabricius, 1780) Skeneopsis planorbis J, L, Lr, Mc, P, Pe, T Skenea planorbis J, Pe Family Rissoidae Alvania pseudoareolata (Warén, 1974) Alvania areolata L, P Alvania (Cingula) areolata Lr2 Frigidoalvania pelagica (Stimpson, 1851) Cingula carinata J Onoba aculeus (Gould, 1841) Onoba aculeus J, L, Lr, Lr2 2Onoba mighelsii (Stimpson, 1851) Onoba mighelsii T Alvania arenaria L, P Alvania (Cingula) arenaria (exarata) Lr2 Alvania (Cingula) castanea Lr2, Lr3 300 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 11, Special Issue 2 Cingula arenaria J Cingula castanea J, V12, V17 Family Hydrobiidae Hydrobia truncata (Vanatta, 1924) Hydrobia totteni L, P, Pe Hydrobia (Paludestrina) totteni (minuta) Lr2 Littorinella minuta Pe Family Aporrhaididae Aporrhais occidentalis (Beck, 1836) Aporrhais occidentalis L, P, Pe, V6 Aporrhais (Arrhoges) occidentalis J Family Calyptraeidae Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus, 1758) Crepidula fornicata L, Lr3, R, T Crepidula plana (Say, 1822) Crepidula plana P Crucibulum striatum (Say, 1826) Crucibulum striatum fl, J, L, P, Pe, R, S [misspelled as Crucibilum in S] Family Capulidae Trichotropis borealis Broderip and Sowerby, 1829 Trichotropis borealis J, L, Pe Trichotropis conica Möller, 1842 Trichotropis conica L, P Family Velutinidae 3Limneria undata (T. Brown, 1839) Velutina undata J, L, P, S Velutina zonata P Limneria zonata Pe Velutina velutina (O.F. Müller, 1776) Velutina haliotoides fl, Pe Velutina laevigata J, L, M, P, R, Wi Velutina laevigata (velutina) Pe Family Lamellariidae Marsenina ampla Verrill, 1880 Marsenina ampla J, J2, V16 Marsenina glabra (Couthouy, 1838) Marsenina glabra J, P, V6, V17, Wt Marsenina prodita J, V6 Family Naticidae Bulbus smithii (Brown, 1839) Bulbus smithii Pe Acrybia smithii J Cryptonatica affinis (Gmelin, 1791) Natica affinis Pe Natica clausa L, P, Pe, St Natica (Cryptonatica) clausa J Euspira heros (Say, 1822) Lunatia heros V6, Pe Polinices heros L, Lr, Mc, P, S, V, Wi Euspira immaculata (Totten, 1835) Euspira immaculata Lr3 Lunatia (Polinices) immaculata Lr2, Pe Mamma immaculata Pe Natica immaculata St Polinices (Euspira) immaculata J Euspira levicula (Verrill, 1880) Lunatia levicula Pe, V6, V16, V17 Polinices (Euspira) levicula J Euspira nana (Möller, 1842) Lunatia nana V6 2004 T.J. Trott 301 Mamma nana Pe Polinices (Euspira) nana J Euspira pallida (Broderip and Sowerby, 1829) Lunatia (Polinices) pallida (groenlandica) G4 Lunatia groenlandica Pe Euspira triseriata (Say, 1826) Lunatia triseriata flLunatia (Polinices) triseriata G4, Lr2, Pe, V8 Polinices triseriata L, M, P, Wi Neverita duplicata (Say, 1822) Polinices duplicatus P Family Cerithiopsidae Eumetula arctica (Mörch, 1857) Cerithiopsis costulata J, J2 Family Epitoniidae Acirsa borealis (Lyell, 1841) Acirsa borealis V8 Acirsa costulata Pe Acirsa eschrichtii V6 Epitonium (Acirsa) costulatum J2 4Couthouyella striatula (Couthouy, 1838) Couthouyella striatula J Epitonium greenlandicum (Perry, 1811) Epitonium greenlandicum L [misspelled as Epitoneum in L], P, T Boreoscala greenlandica R Epitonium (Arctoscala) greenlandicum J Scalaria groenlandica fl, Pe, V6 Family Aclididae Aclis striata Verrill, 1880 Aclis striata J, V16, V17 Order Neogastropoda Family Muricidae Boreotrophon clathratus (Linnaeus, 1767) Boreotrophon clathratus L, P Trophon clathratus fl, J Boreotrophon truncatus (Ström, 1768) Boreotrophon truncatus Pe Boreotrophon (Trophon) truncatus Lr2 Trophon truncatus J, Pe Nucella lapillus (Linnaeus, 1758) Nucella lapillus L, Lr, Mc, P, Pe, R, T, Wi Purpura lapillus fl, Fl2, Pe, V6 Thais lapillus O, Pe Urosalpinx cinerea (Say, 1822) Urosalpinx cinerea P Scabrotrophon fabricii (Möller, 1842) Boreotrophon craticulatus Lr3 Family Turbinellidae Ptychatractus ligatus (Mighels and Adams, 1842) Ptychatractus ligatus J, Pe, USNM Fasciolaria ligata flFamily Buccinidae Buccinum ciliatum (O. Fabricius, 1780) Buccinum ciliatum Lr3 Buccinum polaris Gray, 1839 Buccinum totteni Lr3 Buccinum undatum (Linnaeus, 1758) Buccinum undatum Bo, fl, Fl2, J, L, M, P, Pe, R, S, St, T, USNM,V6, Wi Buccinum undulatum Pe 302 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 11, Special Issue 2 Colus islandicus (Mohr, 1786) Fusus islandicus fl, Fl2 Neptunea islandica Pe Sipho islandicus V6 Tritonium islandicum St Colus pubescens (Verrill, 1882) Colus pubescens Lr3 Colus pygmaeus (Gould, 1841) Colus pygmaeus J, L, P, Pe, S Fusus pygmaeus flNeptunea pygmaea Pe Sipho pygmaeus V6 Siphonella pygmaea Pe Tritonium pygmaeum St Colus stimpsoni (Mörch, 1868) Colus stimpsoni L, M, P, Pe, R, S, Wi Colus stimpsonii J Neptunea lyrata decemcostata (Say, 1826) Neptunea lyrata decemcostata Lr3, T Chrysodomus decemcostatus V6 Fusus decemcostatus fl, Fl2 Neptunea decemcostata J, L, M, P, Pe, S, R, V15, Wi Neptunea lyrata Pe Family Nassariidae Nassarius trivittatus (Say, 1822) Alectrion (Tritia) trivittata J Nassa trivittata flTritia trivittata Pe Family Columbellidae Astyris lunata (Say, 1826) Astyris lunata Lr3 Columbella dissimilis Pe Columbella (Astyris) dissimilis J Mitrella dissimilis L, Lr2, P Mitrella zonalis zonalis J2 Astyris rosaceus (Gould, 1840) Columbella rosacea Pe Columbella (Astyris) rosacea J Mitrella rosacea Pe Family Cancellariidae Admete viridula (O. Fabricius, 1780) Admete couthouyi J, Pe Family Turridae Curtitoma decussata (Couthouy, 1839) Bela decussata J Bela tenuicostata V6 Bela pleurotomaria var. tenuicostata V17 Lora tenuicostata J2 Curtitoma incisula (Verrill, 1882) Bela incisula J, V17, Wt Curtitoma violacea (Mighels and Adams, 1842) Bela bicarinata J, V17 Bela bicarinata var. violacea J, V17 Oenopota bicarinata Pe Oenopota cancellata (Mighels and Adams, 1842) Bela cancellata J, V17, V18 Oenopota pingelii (Möller, 1842) Oenopota pingelii Lr2 Bela pingelii J, V16, V17 Oenopota pyramidalis (Ström, 1788) Bela pleurotomaria J, Pe, V17, V18 Lora pleurotomaria L, P Propebela exarata (Möller, 1842) Bela exarata Pe Propebela harpularia (Couthouy, 1838) Propebela harpularia St 2004 T.J. Trott 303 Bela harpularia J, V17, V18, Wt Propebela nobilis (Möller, 1842) Propebela nobilis Lr2 Bela nobilis J 5Lora turricula L, P 5Propebela turricula L, P Propebela scalaris (Möller, 1842) Bela scalaris J, Pe, V17, Wt Order Heterostropha Family Malthildidae Turritellopsis stimpsoni Dall, 1919 Turritellopsis acicula J Family Pyramidellidae Eulimella polita (Verrill, 1872) Aclis polita V7, V8 Eulimella ventricosa V6 Pyramidella (Eulimella) ventricosa J2 Turbonilla (Ptycheulimella) polita J, J2 Fargoa bartschi (Winkley, 1909) Odostomia modesta J2 Menestho albula (O. Fabricius, 1780) Menestho albula Pe Turbonilla nivea (Stimpson, 1851) Turbonilla nivea Pe Order Cephalaspidea Family Cylichnidae Cylichna alba (T. Brown, 1827) Cylichna alba Go, J, Lr3, Pe, T Family Philinidae Philine lima (T. Brown, 1825) Philine lima Pe Family Retusidae Retusa obtusa (Montagu, 1803) Retusa obtusa Go Order Acochlidioidea Family Microhedylidae Hedylopsis riseri M.P. Morse, 1976 6Hedylopsis riseri R Unela nahantensis Doe, 1974 Unela nahantensis R Order Gymnosomata Family Clionidae Clione limacina (Phipps, 1774) Clione limacina L, P Order Nudibranchia Suborder Doridacea Family Goniodorididae Ancula gibbosa (Risso, 1818) Ancula gibbosa P, Pe, T Ancula cristata K, L, USNM Family Onchidorididae Acanthodoris pilosa (Albildgaard, 1789) Acanthodoris pilosa J, K, L, M, P, Pe, R, S [misspelled as A. ilosa in S], T Acanthodoris citrina V4, V12 Acanthodoris ornata USNM [misspelled as A. ornate in USNM],V8 Acanthodoris stellata V12 Adalaria pilosa pilosa J2 Doris bifida V4, V7 Adalaria proxima (Alder and Hancock, 1854) Adalaria proxima Go, J, J2, USNM, V8, V12 Onchidoris bilamellata (Linnaeus, 1776) Onchidoris bilamellata R, T Onchidoris fusca K, L, O [misspelled as Onchidorus in O], Wi [misspelled as Ochidoris in Wi] 304 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 11, Special Issue 2 Onchidoris grisea (Gould, 1870) Onchidoris grisea J2, V4 Lamellidoris grisea J Onchidoris muricata (O.F. Müller, 1776) Doris pallida Pe Lamellidoris aspera O, J Lamellidoris diaphana J, V8 Lamellidoris muricata J, V8 Onchidoris aspera J2, K, L, P, S [misspelled as O. aspersa in J2, K, L, P, S], Wi Onchidoris diaphana J2, V12 Onchidoris muricata J2, V12 Onchidoris tenella (Gould, 1870) Onchidoris tenella J2, V4 Lamellidoris tenella J Family Polyceratidae Palio dubius (M. Sars, 1829) Polycera dubius K, P, R Family Chromodorididae Cadlina laevis (Linnaeus, 1767) Cadlina laevis K, L, Pe, R, T, USNM, Wi Doris repanda Pe, V12 Suborder Dendronotacea Family Dendronotidae Dendronotus frondosus (Ascanius, 1774) Dendronotus frondosus K, L, O [misspelled as D. frondosa in O], Pe, S, R, T, Wi Dendronotus arborescens flDendronotus reynoldsii Pe Dendronotus robustus Verrill, 1870 Dendronotus robustus J, L, P, V7 Family Dotonidae 7Doto coronata (Gmelin, 1791) Doto coronata K, L, P Doto formosa Verrill, 1875 Doto formosa Go, J, Pe, V8, Wt Family Flabellinidae Flabellina gracilis (Alder and Hancock, 1844) Coryphella stellata K Eolis stellata Pe Flabellina nobilis (Verrill, 1880) Coryphella nobilis K, L, Lr2 Flabellina pellucida (Alder and Hancock, 1843) Coryphella pellucida K, P Coryphella rutila J, J2, V8, V12 Flabellina salmonacea (Couthoy, 1838) Flabellina salmonacea L, S, R Coryphella salmonacea K, P, V16 Coryphella stimpsoni L, S, USNM Cuthona stimpsoni K, V12, Wt Flabellina verrucosa (M. Sars, 1829) Flabellina verrucosa R Coryphella mananensis Wt Coryphella rufibranchialis O, Wi Coryphella rufibranchialis mananensis USNM Coryphella verrucosa rufibranchialis K, L Eolis mananensis Pe 2004 T.J. Trott 305 Suborder Aeolidacea Family Eubranchidae Eubranchus exiguus (Alder and Hancock, 1848) Eubranchus exiguus K, P [variant spelling E. exigua in P] Eubranchus pallidus (Alder and Hancock, 1842) Eubranchus pallidus Go, K, L Eubranchus sanjuanensis Roller, 1972 8Eubranchus sanjuanensis Go Eubranchus tricolor Forbes, 1838 Eubranchus tricolor Go Family Tergipedidae Catriona gymnota (Couthoy, 1838) Catrena (Catriona) aurantia K, L Cuthona concinna (Alder and Hancock, 1843) Cuthona concinna K, L, O, Wi [misspelled as Cuthonia in Wi] Cuthona viridis (Forbes, 1840) Cratena viridis K, L Tergipes tergipes (Forskål, 1775) Tergipes tergipes L Tergipes despectus J [misspelled as Terigipes in J] J2, K, P Family Facelinidae Cratena pilata (Gould, 1870) Cratena pilata K, L Facelina bostoniensis (Couthoy, 1838) Facelina bostoniensis K, L, R Family Aeolidiidae Aeolidia papilosa (Linnaeus, 1761) Aeolidia papilosa J [misspelled as A. papillosa in J], K, L, O, P, Pe [misspelled as A. papillosa in Pe], R, S, T Eolis farinacea Pe Order Archeopulmonata Family Ellobiidae Myosotella myosotis (Draparnaud, 1801) Ovatella (alexia) myosotis Lr2 Class Bivalvia Order Solemyoida Family Solemyidae Solemya velum Say, 1822 Solemya velum T Order Nuculoida Family Nuculidae Nucula delphinodonta Mighels and Adams, 1842 Nucula delphinodonta fl, Wt Nucula proxima Say, 1822 Nucula proxima L, P, T Nucula proxima annulata Lr2 Family Nuculanidae Nuculana tenuisulcata (Couthouy, 1838) Nuculana tenuisulcata USNM Leda tenuisulcata St Family Sareptidae Megayoldia thraciaeformis (Storer, 1838) Yoldia thraciaeformis J Yoldia limatula (Say, 1831) Yoldia limatula J, L, P Leda limatula St Yoldia myalis (Couthoy, 1838) Yoldia myalis fl, Pe Leda myalis St 306 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 11, Special Issue 2 Yoldia sapotilla (Gould, 1841) Yoldia sapotilla fl, Lr2 Leda sapotilla St Order Mytiloida Family Mytilidae Crenella decusata (Montagu, 1808) Crenella decusata J, Lr2, T Mytilus decussatus St Crenella glandula (Totten, 1834) Crenella glandula J, L, P, Pe, T Geukensia demissa (Dillwyn, 1817) Modiolus demissus P, Pe Mytilus edulis Linnaeus, 1758 Mytilus edulis L, Lr, Mc, O, P, Pe, R, S, T, V6, Wi Mytilus trossulus Gould, 1850 Mytilus trossulus Ma, Rw Musculus discors (Linnaeus, 1767) Musculus discors G2, L, M, P, Pe, R, T, Wi Modiolaria corrugata flModiolaria discors fl, Fl2 Mytilus corrugatus St Musculus niger (J.E. Gray, 1824) Musculus niger G2, L, Lr2, P, Pe, T, Wi Modiolaria nigra V6 Modiolus modiolus (Linnaeus, 1758) Modiolus modiolus L, P, Pe, S, R, T, Wi Modiola modiolus USNM, V6 Order Limoida Family Limidae Limatula subauriculata (Montagu, 1808) Limatula subauriculata L Order Ostreoida Family Pectinidae Chlamys islandica (O.F. Müller, 1776) Chlamys islandica L Chlamys islandicus M, P Chlamys islandica islandica USNM Pecten islandicus fl, St, V6 Pecten (Chlamys) islandica J Placopecten magellanicus (Gmelin, 1791) Placopecten magellanicus L, M, P, R, S, T Pecten magellanicus Mg Pecten (Placopecten) magellanicus J Pecten tenuicostatus fl, V6 Family Anomiidae Anomia simplex d’Orbigny, 1842 Anomia simplex L, O, P, R, T, Wi [mis-spelled as Anomie in Wi] Anomia squamula Linnaeus, 1758 Anomia squamula Pe, T Anomia aculeata L, Lr, P, R, Wi Order Veneroida Family Thyasiridae Thyasira equalis (Verrill and Bush, 1898) Thyasira equalis J Thyasira flexuosa (Montagu, 1803) Thyasira flexuosa L, Lr2 Cryptodon gouldii flThyasira gouldii J, St Thyasira trisinuata (d’Orbigny, 1842) Cryptodon obesus V8 Family Lasaeidae Mysella planulata (Stimpson, 1851) Rochefortia planulata J 2004 T.J. Trott 307 Family Carditidae Cyclocardia borealis (Conrad, 1831) Cyclocardia borealis Lr2, Pe, T Cardita borealis fl, L, Mg, P, R, S, St, USNM [misspelled as C. bonalis in USNM] Venericardia (Cyclocardia) borealis J Cyclocardia novangliae (E. S. Morse, 1869) Cyclocardia novangliae Lr2 Venericardia (Cyclocardia) novangliae J Family Astartidae Astarte borealis (Schumacher, 1817) Astarte borealis G3, L, Lr2, P, S Astarte semisulcata flAstarte castanea (Say, 1822) Astarte castanea G3, L, Lr2, P, Pe, R, S Astarte lens V6, V8 Astarte crenata (J. E. Gray, 1824) Astarte crenata Pe Astarte quadrans V8 Astarte subaequilatera G3, J, L, P Astarte elliptica (T. Brown, 1827) Astarte elliptica G3, L, Lr2, P Astarte undata Gould, 1841 Astarte undata G3, J, L, P, Pe, R, T, V6, V8, V15 Astarte undata latisulca J Astarte sulcata St Family Arcticidae Arctica islandica (Linnaeus, 1767) Arctica islandica L, P Cyprina islandica J Family Cardiidae Cerastoderma pinnulatum (Conrad, 1831) Cerastoderma pinnulatum L, Lr2, P, R, T Clinocardium ciliatum (O. Fabricius, 1780) Clinocardium ciliatum L, Lr2, M, P Cardium (Cerastoderma) ciliatum J Cardium islandicum St Family Mactridae Mactromeris polynyma (Stimpson, 1860) Spisula (Hemimactra) polynyma J Mactra ponderosa St Family Pharidae Ensis directus Conrad, 1843 Ensis directus T Family Tellinidae Macoma balthica (Linnaeus, 1758) Macoma balthica L, Lr, Mc, P, Pe, T Macoma calcarea (Gmelin, 1791) Macoma calcarea J Tellina proxima St Tellina agilis Stimpson, 1857 Tellina agilis Lr2, S Family Veneridae Gemma gemma (Totten, 1834) Gemma gemma P Pitar morrhuanus Linsley, 1848 Callista convexa fl, V10 Callocardia (Agriopoma) morrhuana J Family Petricolidae Petricolaria pholadiformis (Lamark, 1818) Petricolaria pholadiformis P Order Myoida Family Myidae Mya arenaria Linnaeus, 1758 308 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 11, Special Issue 2 Mya arenaria fl, Fl2, L, Lr, Mc, P, Pe, R, S, T, V6, Wi Mya truncata Linnaeus, 1758 Mya truncata fl, G4, J, L, M, P, Pe, St, T, V6, Wi Family Hiatellidae Hiatella arctica (Linnaeus, 1767) Hiatella arctica L, O, P, Pe, T, Wi Saxicava arctica USNM, V6 Hiatella striata Fleuriau, 1802 Hiatella striata L, P, T Panomya norvegica (Spengler, 1793) Panomya arctica J Family Pholadidae Zirfaea crispata (Linnaeus, 1758) Zirfaea crispata J, P, S Pholas crispata St Order Pholadomyoida Family Lyonsiidae Lyonsia arenosa (Möller, 1842) Lyonsia arenosa J, Lr2 Lyonsia hyalina Conrad, 1831 Lyonsia hyalina fl, L, P, R Family Pandoridae Pandora gouldiana Dall, 1886 Pandora gouldiana Lr2 Pandora inornata Verrill and Bush, 1898 Pandora inornata Lr2 Pandora trilineata Say, 1822 Pandora trilineata fl, St Family Thraciidae Thracia conradi Couthoy, 1839 Thracia conradi J, L, St, T Thracia myopsis Möller, 1842 Thracia myopsis J Thracia couthouyi St Thracia septentrionalis Jeffreys, 1872 Thracia septentrionalis J Family Periplomatidae Periploma leanum (Conrad, 1831) Periploma (Conchlodesma) leanum J Family Cuspidariidae Cuspidaria pellucida Stimpson, 1853 Cuspidaria pellucida J Class Scaphopoda Order Dentaliida Family Dentaliidae Antalis entale occidentale Stimpson, 1851 Dentalium entale Pe Dentalium entalis J Dentalium occidentale J Entalis striolata fl, Pe, V6, V15 Class Cephalopoda Order Sepiodea Family Ommastrephidae Illex illecebrosus (Lesueur, 1821) Illex illecebrosus P, USNM Ommastrephes illecebrosa J Order Vampyromorpha Family Octopodidae Bathypolypus bardii (Verrill, 1873) Polypus arcticus J UNCERTAIN RECORDS Order Neotaenioglossa Family Epitoniidae 9Epitonium rupicola (Kurtz, 1860) Epitonium rupicola Wi Order Neogastropoda Family Terebridae 10Terebra dislocata (Say, 1822) Terebra dislocata Mg 2004 T.J. Trott 309 Order Heterostropha Family Pyramidellidae 11Turbonilla bushiana Verrill, 1882 Turbonilla bushiana L, P 1Records of M. groenlandica assigned here based on Rehder (1990). 2Records assigned here based on Warén (1974). Alvania castanea is not otherwise known south of Hudson Bay and Warén (1974) shows that O. mighelsii is often misidentified as A. castanea or Cingula arenaria. 3Generic placement by Gulbin and Golikov (2000) . 4Transferred to Epitoniidae by Warén (1980). 5Records of turriculata in the Western Atlantic are generally either Propebela arctica or P. nobilis. Since the former is a northern species but the latter is known from Cobscook Bay, the records for both Lora turriculata and Propebela turriculata are tentatively assigned to Propebela nobilis according to G. Rosenberg, Academy of Natural Sciences (pers. comm.). 6Unidentified species at the time of collection by Riser in 1970. 7According to Thompson and Brown (1984), the species “coronata” is primarily Eastern Atlantic with Western Atlantic examples distinctive and possibly a different species. 8This species is otherwise known only from the Eastern Pacific. 9This species not otherwise known north of Massachusetts. 10Needs confirmation. This species is not otherwise known north of Maryland. 11Needs confirmation according to G. Rosenberg, Academy of Natural Sciences (pers. comm.). This deepwater species is not otherwise known north of Massachusetts and though possibly confused with Odostomia bushiana Bartsch, 1909, a species known from shallower water, O. bushiana also is not known north of Massachusetts (G. Rosenberg, Academy of Natural Sciences, pers. comm.). Key to the Abbreviations for Mollusca Bo Bousfield 1972 flFuller 1862a Fl2 Fuller 1862b G1 Gilbert 1977a G2 Gilbert,1977b G3 Gilbert 1982a G4 Gilbert 1982b Go Gosliner 1971 J Johnson 1915 J2 Johnson 1934 K Kuzirian 1977 L Langer 1973 Lr2 Larsen and Doggett 1975 Lr3 Larsen 1975 M Meinkoth 1975 Ma Maloy et al. 2003 Mc McCollough 1981 Mg Mighels 1843 O O’Brien 1972 P Perkins and Larsen 1975 Pe Peabody Museum R Riser 1970 Rw Rawson et al. 2001 S Spencer 1973 St Stimpson 1851b T Trott 2004b USNM United States National Museum V4 Verrill 1870 V6 Verrill 1871b V7 Verrill 1872a V8 Verrill 1872b V10 Verrill 1874 V12 Verrill 1879a V15 Verrill 1880b V16 Verrill 1881 V17 Verrill 1882 V18 Verrill 1883 Wi Weiss 1980 Wt Whiteaves 1901 310 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 11, Special Issue 2 PHYLUM ECTOPROCTA Class Gymnolaemata Order Cheilostomatida Family Bugulidae Bugula fulva Ryland, 1960 Bugula fulva Wn Bugula turrita (Desor, 1848) Bugula turrita P, R, S Dendrobeania decorata (Verrill, 1879) Bugula decorata V13 Dendrobeania murrayana (Johnston, 1847) Dendrobeania murrayana L, P, Pe, R, T Family Calloporidae Amphiblestrum auritum (Hincks, 1877) Callopora aurita P Cauloramphus cymbaeformis (Hincks, 1877) Cauloramphus cymbaeformis L Tegella unicornis (Fleming, 1828) Tegella unicornis S Family Candidae Caberea ellisii (Fleming, 1814) Caberea ellisii L, M, P, Pe, Wi Tricellaria peachii (Busk, 1851) Bugulopsis peachi Pe Tricellaria ternata (Ellis and Solander, 1786) Tricellaria ternata Pe Family Celleporidae Turbicellepora canaliculata (Busk, 1881) Turbicellepora canaliculata L Family Cribrilinidae Cribrilina annulata (O. Fabricius, 1780) Cribrilina annulata L Family Electridae Electra pilosa (Linnaeus, 1767) Electra pilosa L, O, P, Wi Family Eucrateidae Eucratea loricata (Linnaeus, 1758) Eucratea loricata M, T Family Hippothoidae Celleporella hyalina (Linnaeus, 1767) 1Hippothoa hyalina L, P Family Membraniporidae Membranipora tenuis Desor, 1848 Membranipora tenuis R Family Schizoporellidae Schizoporella biperta (Michelin, 1845) Schizoporella biperta R Order Ctenostomata Family Flustrellidridae Flustrellidra hispida (O. Fabricius, 1780) Flustrellidra hispida L, O [misspelled Flustrella in L and O], P, R, S, Wi Family Vesiculariidae Bowerbankia gracilis Leidy, 1855 Bowerbankia gracilis S, Wn Family Walkeriidae Aeverrillia setigera (Hincks, 1887) Aeverrillia setigera S Class Stenolaemata Order Cyclostomata Family Crisiidae Crisia eburnea (Linnaeus, 1758) Crisia eburnea Pe, R Family Lichenoporidae Disporella hispida (Fleming, 1822) Lichenopora hispida L, P Lichenopora verrucaria (O. Fabricius, 1780) Lichenopora verrucaria L, P 2004 T.J. Trott 311 UNCERTAIN RECORDS Order Cheilostomatida Family Bitectiporidae 2Bugula simplex Hincks, 1886 Bugula simplex L, P, S 3Schizomavella auriculata (Hassall, 1842) Schizomavella auriculata R Family Calloporidae 4Callopora craticula (Alder, 1857) Callopora craticula L Family Microporellidae 5Microporella ciliata (Pallas, 1766) Microporella ciliata L, P Family Tubuliporidae 6Tubulipora liliacea (Pallas, 1766) Tubulipora liliacea L, P Family Umbonulidae Posterula sarsi (Smitt, 1868) 7Eschara lobata Pe 1In part (J. Winston, Virgina Museum of Natural History, pers. comm.). 2Bugula simplex has not been observed in W. Atlantic collections (J. Winston, pers. comm.). 3According to J. Winston (pers. comm.), Schizomavella auriculata has not been found on the US East coast; this probably is Schizomavella globifera (Packard, 1863), no other Schizomavella sp. has been recorded from the region. 4Callopora craticula (Alder, 1857) has yet to be observed in collections and specimens identified as such may be C. sedovi, C. whiteavesi or another species (J. Winston, pers. comm.). 5Microporella ciliata is a European species. New England species of Microporella are M. stellata and M. rogickae. This identification could be either or both (J. Winston, pers. comm.). 6This identification is questionable (J. Winston, pers. comm.). 7This identification is questionable since E. lobata is not a New England species (J. Winston, pers. comm.). Key to the Abreviations for Ectoprocta L Langer 1973 M Meinkoth 1975 O O’Brien 1972 P Perkins and Larsen 1975 Pe Peabody Museum R Riser 1970 S Spencer 1973 T Trott 2004b V13 Verrill 1879b Wi Weiss 1980 PHYLUM BRACHIOPODA Class Articulata Order Terebratulida Family Cancellothyridae Terebratulina septentrionalis (Couthoy, 1838) Terebratulina septentrionalis fl, L, Lr2, M, O, P, Pa, Pe, R, S, St, T, V6, V15, Wi Key to the Abbreviations for Brachiopoda flFuller 1862a L Langer 1973 Lr2 Larsen and Doggett 1975 M Meinkoth 1975 O O’Brien 1972 P Perkins and Larsen 1975 Pa Paine 1959 Pe Peabody Museum R Riser 1970 S Spencer 1973 St Stimpson 1851b T Trott 2004b V6 Verrill 1871b V15 Verrill 1880b Wi Weiss 1980 312 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 11, Special Issue 2 PHYLUM ECHINODERMATA Class Holothuroidea Order Dendrochirotida Family Psolidae Psolus fabricii (Düben and Koren, 1846) Psolus fabricii L, P, Pe Lophothuria fabricii V6 Psolus phantapus (Strussenfeldt, 1766) Psolus phantapus L, P, V1, V6, Wt Family Cucumariidae Cucumaria frondosa (Gunnerus, 1770) Cucumaria frondosa L, O, P, Pe, R, S, T, Wi Pentacta frondosa fl, V1, V6 Duasmodactyla commune (Forbes, 1841) Duasmodactyla commune L Thyonidium drummondi (Thompson, 1840) Thyonidium productum Cl, V1, V6 Order Apodida Family Synaptidae Epitomapta roseola (Verrill, 1874) Leptosynapta roseola Lr2, P, R Rhabdomolgus fuscus Keferstein, 1863 Rhabdomolgus fuscus R Family Chiridotidae Chiridota laevis (O. Fabricius, 1780) Chiridota laevis fl, L, Lr, P, R, S [misspelled Chirodota], T, V1[variant spelling Chirodota laeve in V1], V6 [variant spelling Chirodota leve in V6], Wi [variant spelling Chirodota laevis in Wi] Class Echinoidea Order Echinoida Family Strongylocentrotidae Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis (O.F. Müller, 1776) Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis L, Lr2, Lr3, O, P, Pe, R, S, T, V15, Wi [misspelled as Stronglocentrotus in Wi] Euryechinus dröbachiensis V1, V6 Echinus granulatus flOrder Clypeasteroida Family Echinarachniidae Echinarachnius parma (Lamarck, 1816) Echinarachnius parma L, Lr2, Lr3, P, Pa, R, S, T, V1, V6 Class Asteroidea Order Valvatida Family Goniasteridae Ctenodiscus crispatus (Retzius, 1806) Ctenodiscus crispatus Lr2, Lr3 Hippasteria phrygiana (Parelius, 1768) Hippasteria phrygiana L, P, R, S [misspelled as Hippasterias in S] Order Spinulosida Family Solasteridae Crossaster papposus (Linnaeus, 1766) Crossaster papposus L, Lr3, Pe, R, V6 Solaster papposus fl, Lr2, P, S Solaster endeca (Linnaeus, 1771) Solaster endeca fl, L, O, P, Pe, R, S, T, V6, Wi 2004 T.J. Trott 313 Family Pterasteridae Pteraster militaris (O. F. Müller, 1776) Pteraster militaris L, P, Pe, R, V6 Pteraster pulvillus M. Sars, 1861 Pteraster pulvillus L Family Echinasteridae Henricia eschrichti (Müller and Troschel, 1842) Henricia eschrichti Pe Henricia oculata (Pennant, 1777) Cribella oculata flHenricia sanguinolenta (O.F. Müller, 1776) Henricia sanguinolenta L, Lr2, O, Pe, R, S, T, Wi Cribrella pectinata Cl Cribrella sanguinolenta Pe, V1, V6 Order Forcipulatida Family Asteriidae Asterias forbesi (Desor, 1848) Asterias forbesi P, R, S, T, V1 Asterias rubens Linnaeus, 1768 Asterias rubens L, O, T Asteracanthion rubens flAsterias stimpsoni V1 Asterias vulgaris P, Pe, R, S, V1, V6, V15, Wi Uraster rubens St1 Leptasterias littoralis (Stimpson, 1863) Leptasterias littoralis L, P, Pe, R, T, Wt Asteracanthion littoralis flAsterias littoralis Pe, V1, V6, V21 Leptasterias muelleri (Sars, 1846) Leptasterias muelleri P, Pe Lepasterias tenera (Stimpson, 1862) Lepasterias tenera L, P, Pe, R, T, Wi Asterias tenera S, V1 Stephanasterias albula (Stimpson, 1863) Stephanasterias albula L, V6 Stichaster albulus Cl, V1 Class Ophiuroidea Order Phrynophiurida Family Gorgonocephalida Gorgonocephalus arcticus Leach, 1819 Gorgonocephalus arcticus L, P, Pe, S Astrophyton agassizii fl, V1, V6, V15 Order Ophiurida Family Ophiuridae Ophiura robusta (Ayres, 1861) Ophiura robusta L, Lr2, Lr3 Ophioglypha robusta V1, V6 Ophiolepis robusta fl, Fl2 Ophiura sarsi (Lütken, 1864) Ophioglypha sarsii V1, V6 Family Ophiodermatidae Ophiacantha bidentata (Retzius, 1806) Ophiacantha spinulosa V6 Family Ophiactidae Ophiopholis aculeata (Linnaeus, 1767) Ophiopholis aculeata L, O, P, R, S, V1, V6, Wi [misspelled as Ophipholus in Wi] 314 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 11, Special Issue 2 Family Amphiuridae Amphipholis squamata (Delle Chiaje, 1829) Amphipholis squamata L, O, P, R, T Amphiura squamata V1, V6 Axiognathus squamatus L, Wi [mis-spelled as Axigrathus in Wi] UNCERTAIN RECORDS Order Forcipulatida Family Asteriidae 1Leptasterias groenlandicus (Steenstrup, 1867) Leptasterias groenlandicus Wi 1This is a doubtful record south of Greenland, probably L. littoralis. Key to the Abbreviations for Echinodermata Cl Clark 1905 flFuller 1862a L Langer 1973 Lr Larsen et al. 1979 Lr2 Larsen and Doggett 1975 Lr3 Larsen 1975 O O’Brien 1972 P Perkins and Larsen 1975 Pa Packard 1867 R Riser 1970 S Spencer 1973 St1 Stimpson 1851a T Trott 2004b V1 Verrill 1866 V6 Verrill 1871b V15 Verrill 1880b V21 Verrill 1895 Wi Weiss 1980 Wt Whiteaves 1901 PHYLUM CHAETOGNATHA Parasagitta elegans Verrill, 1873 Sagitta elegans L Key to the Abbreviations for Chaetognatha L Langer 1973 PHYLUM HEMICHORDATA Class Enteropneusta Family Harrimaniidae Saccoglossus kowalevskii (Agassiz, 1873) Saccoglossus kowalevskii L, S, T Class Pterobranchia Family Rhabdopleuridae Rhabdopleura compacta Hincks, 1880 Rhabdopleura compacta L Key to the Abbreviations for Hemichordata L Langer 1973 S Spencer 1973 T Trott 2004b 2004 T.J. Trott 315 PHYLUM CHORDATA Class Ascidiacea Order Enterogona Suborder Aplousobranchia Family Polyclinidae Aplidium glabrum (Verrill, 1871) Amaroucium glabrum S, V7, Wi, Wt, Aplidium pallidum (Verrill, 1871) Aplidium pallidum R Amaroucium pallidum V7, Wt Family Didemnidae Didemnum albidum (Verrill, 1871) Didemnum albidum L, P, Pe, R, VN, Wi Didemnium roseum Pa Leptoclinum albidum Pe, Wt Leptoclinum luteolum Pe Lissoclinum aureum Verrill, 1871 Lissoclinum aureum V7, VN Trididemnum tenerum (Verrill, 1871) Trididemnum tenerum VN Lissoclinum tenerum V7 Family Polyclitoridae Distaplia clavata (M. Sars, 1851) Distaplia clavata Pe, VN Suborder Phlebobranchia Family Cionidae Ciona intestinalis (Linnaeus, 1767) Ciona intestinalis L, P, T Ciona intestinalis tenella Pe Ciona tenella Pe, V6 Family Ascidiidae Ascidia callosa Stimpson, 1852 Ascidia callosa fl, Fl2, Pe, R, T Ascidia inornata V14 Ascidia prunum O.F. Müller, 1776 Ascidia prunum L, Pe Ascidia complanata V6, Wt Ascidiopsis complanata Pe Order Pleurogona Suborder Stolidobranchiata Family Styelidae Botrylloides diegense Ritter and Forsyth, 1917 Botrylloides diegense R Botryllus schlosseri (Pallas, 1776) Botryllus schlosseri L, Lr2, O, P, R Cnemidocarpa mollis (Stimpson, 1852) Glandula mollis Pe Dendrodoa carnea (L. Agassiz, 1850) Dendrodoa carnea L, M, P, Pe, R, T, Wi Cynthia carnea V6 Halocynthia tuberculum Pe Dendrodoa grossularia (Van Beneden, 1846) Dendrodoa grossularia VN Dendrodoa pulchella (Verrill, 1871) Dendrodoa pulchella VN Cynthia pulchella V7 Polycarpa fibrosa (Stimpson, 1852) Glandula fibrosa Pe Styela coriacea (Alder and Hancock, 1848) Styela coriacea Pe Styela partita (Stimpson, 1852) Styela partita P 316 Northeastern Naturalist Vol. 11, Special Issue 2 Family Pyuridae Boltenia echinata (Linnaeus, 1767) Boltenia echinata L, P, Pe, R, S, T, Wi Cynthia echinata V6 Halocynthia echinata Pe, Wt Boltenia ovifera (Linnaeus, 1767) Boltenia ovifera L, M, P, Pe, R, S, T, Wi Boltenia bolteni Pe, V15 Boltenia bolteni var. rubra Pe Boltenia reniformis fl, Fl2, V6 Halocynthia pyriformis (Rathke, 1806) Halocynthia pyriformis L, M, O, P, Pe, R, S, T, Wi, Wt Cynthia pyriformis fl, V6 Family Molgulidae Bostrichobranchus pilularis (Verrill, 1871) Bostrichobranchus pilularis R Eugyra pilularis Pe, V7 Mogula pilularis Pe, V5 Molgula arenata Stimpson, 1852 Molgula arenata P Molgula citrina Alder and Hancock, 1848 Molgula littoralis V5 Molgula complanata Alder and Hancock, 1870 Molgula complanata Lr2, Lr3, VN Molgula papillosa Pe, V5, V7 Molgula manhattensis (DeKay, 1843) Molgula manhattensis P Molgula retortiformis Verrill, 1871 Molgula retortiformis Pe, V5, V6, VN Molgula siphonalis Sars, 1859 Molgula siphonalis Pe, VN Mogula pannosa V5 Key to the Abbreviations for Chordata flFuller 1862a Fl2 Fuller 1862b L Langer 1973 Lr2 Larsen and Doggett 1975 Lr3 Larsen 1975 M Meinkoth 1975 O O’Brien 1972 P Perkins and Larsen 1975 Pe Peabody Museum R Riser 1970 S Spencer 1973 T Trott 2004b V5 Verrill 1871a V6 Verrill 1871b V7 Verrill 1872a V14 Verrill 1880a V15 Verrill 1880b Wi Weiss 1980 VN van Name 1945 Wt Whiteaves 1901 2004 T.J. Trott 317 Acknowledgments A great debt is owed to those who gave their time freely in reviewing the many lists of species in various stages of preparation and elevated my knowledge of taxonomy and systematics well beyond its former scope. Much appreciation is given to Professor Nathan Riser for making himself available for conversations that contributed towards the formation of this list and providing a historical perspective of his years teaching invertebrate zoology at Cobscook Bay. His colleagues in teaching, Emory Swan, Norman Meinkoth, and Patricia Morse, took part in composing the species list that he donated to this work. Peter F. Larsen continued these discussions with development of ideas on diversity that imparted renewed effort towards the completion of this document and the beginning of new manuscripts. Thanks to Dr. Cheryl Bright, Collections Manager at the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, for encouragement and offering suggestions for taxonomic reviewers. Linda Ward, Curator at the NMNH, supplied collection records for Webster and Benedict, and Chad Walter, Data Manager at the NMNH, supplied collection records for Cobscook Bay. Valuable assistance was given by Eric Lazo-Wasem, Curator of the invertebrate collection at the Peabody Museum. Without the efforts of Professor Rachel Merz, the contributions made by Professor Norman Meinkoth would not have made their way into this manuscript and may have been forever lost. Literature Cited Abbott, R.T. 1974. American Seashells. 2nd Edition. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, NY. 663 pp. Bigelow, H.B. 1914. List of the medusae Craspedotae, Siphonophorae, Scyphomedusae, Ctenophorae. Fauna of New England. Part 12. Occassional Papers of the Boston Museum of Natural History 7:1–37. Bouchet, P., and A. 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