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Distributional Survey of Crayfish (Crustacea: Decapoda) in Wadeable Streams in the Coastal Plains of Southeastern Alabama
William H. Heath, Paul M. Stewart, Thomas P. Simon, and Jonathan M. Miller

Southeastern Naturalist, Volume 9, Special Issue 3 (2010): 139–154

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Conservation, Biology, and Natural History of Crayfishes from the Southern US 2010 Southeastern Naturalist 9(Special Issue 3):139–154 Distributional Survey of Crayfish (Crustacea: Decapoda) in Wadeable Streams in the Coastal Plains of Southeastern Alabama William H. Heath1, Paul M. Stewart1,*, Thomas P. Simon2, and Jonathan M. Miller1 Abstract - Alabama has at least 83 species of native crayfish reported, more than any other state in the United States. Information associated with crayfish distribution, life history, and ecological importance in Alabama is extremely limited. The objective of this research is to determine the presence and relative abundance of crayfish species in the southeastern coastal plain of Alabama. Crayfish were collected at 50 sites within the Choctawhatchee River, Pea River, Yellow River, and Patsaliga Creek watersheds by electrofishing and hand excavation. Twelve crayfish taxa were collected, with 10 successfully identified to species. Procambarus suttkusi (Choctawhatchee Crayfish) was found at 40 sites and was the most widespread and abundant of the aquatic species. Procambarus versutus (Sly Crayfish) and Cambarus graysoni (Twospot Crayfish) were also found to be common aquatic species. Cambarus (Tubericambarus) sp. B was the most abundant primary burrower, and C. (Lacunicambarus) sp. B was a common burrower. Species with less than 10 individuals collected were considered rare and were as follows: Procambarus acutus (White River Crawfish), P. okaloosae (Okaloosa Crayfish), C. latimanus (Variable Crayfish), C. ludovicianus (Painted Devil Crayfish), and C. striatus (Ambiguous Crayfish). Introduction The biodiversity of Alabama's aquatic fauna is among the highest in the United States, leading in the number of freshwater mussel and snail species and second only to Tennessee in the number of fish species (Benz and Collins 1997, Mirarchi et al. 2004, Schuster and Taylor 2004). This rich biodiversity is most likely due to the state's multiple ecoregions, mild and stable climate, vast network of rivers, and isolated coastal river drainages. Alabama also has one of the most diverse assemblages of crayfish species in the United States (Schuster and Taylor 2004). Hobbs (1972) reported 57 species of crayfish in Alabama. However, after conducting a database survey (Schuster and Taylor 2004) along with additional work (Taylor et al. 2007), 83 species were reported. The difference in these numbers is likely due to incomplete information available regarding crayfish distribution (Butler et al. 2003, Taylor et al. 1996), and discovery and descriptions of new species or species distributions. 1Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Troy University, Troy, AL 36081. 22364 East Linden Hill Drive, Bloomington, IN 47401. *Corresponding author - mstewart@troy.edu. 140 Southeastern Naturalist Vol. 9, Special Issue 3 In 2004, the endangered species division of the US Fish and Wildlife Service listed 4 species of crayfish as threatened and endangered in the United States (US Fish and Wildlife 2004). Taylor et al. (2007) reported that of the 363 species of crayfish found to occur in the United States, 2 are endangered and possibly extinct, 66 are endangered, 52 are threatened, 54 are vulnerable, and 189 are currently stable. More specifically, of the 83 species of crayfish found to occur in Alabama (Taylor et al. 2007), the Alabama Natural Heritage Program recognized 41 of those species to be of special concern (McGregor et al. 1999), and 40 species of crayfish were recognized as threatened, rare, or of special concern by the Alabama Game and Fish Division (Harris 1990). Taylor et al. (2007) reviewed the available literature and found 83 native species of crayfish in Alabama, with 6 endangered, 8 threatened, 12 vulnerable, and 57 currently stable. With more information becoming available, crayfish are quickly becoming recognized as one of the most threatened faunal assemblages in the United States (Lodge et al. 2000; Taylor et al. 1996, 2007). Distributional studies have been poorly funded, and life-history studies exist for only about 10% of the known crayfish species (Poly and Wetzel 2003, Riggert et al. 1999). The distribution and life-history information necessary for proper conservation and management of crayfish in Alabama is also very limited. Schuster et al. (2008) recently noted the limited amount of historical crayfish information on record from the coastal plains of southeastern Alabama. The extraordinary biodiversity of Alabama's aquatic fauna, combined with the lack of sufficiently collected information and documentation, calls for immediate action to determine which species are present and the current status of these species, thereby establishing a baseline for conservation efforts. The purpose of this study was to document aquatic and burrowing crayfish species present in southeastern coastal plain streams of Alabama and to note distributional patterns within the area. Study Area The study area included parts of 4 major watersheds located in the southeastern portion of Alabama (Fig. 1). The southeastern coastal plain rivers generally flow south to southwest, and the area is characterized by gently rolling hills and broad alluvial floodplains. The land-use distribution over these drainage areas is about 25% cropland, 13% pastureland, 54% forests, 4% urbanization, 0.7% ponds and lakes, 0.3% mines, and 3% other (US Department of Agriculture 1995). Stream bottoms are predominantly covered by sand, but included gravel, porous limestone, chalk, marl, and clay (Mettee et al. 1996). The major rivers of this area (Choctawhatchee River, Pea River, Yellow River, and Patsaliga Creek), or their mainstreams, enter Florida and eventually empty into the Gulf of Mexico. The Choctawhatchee River watershed (12,297 km2 total), which includes the Pea River (3994 km2), encompasses about 8107 km2 in Alabama (Mettee et al. 1996, US Department of Agriculture 1995). The Choctawhatchee River originates in central Barbour County, and the Pea River originates in 2010 W.H. Heath, P.M. Stewart, T.P. Simon, and J.M. Miller 141 east Bullock County. The Yellow River watershed, which begins in Crenshaw County, encompasses 1313 km2 (US Department of Agriculture 1995, Mettee et al. 1996). Patsaliga Creek originates in south Montgomery County and drains 1517 km2 before emptying into the Conecuh River in Covington County (US Department of Agriculture 1995). Methods Site selection and collection Fifty sites in the major wadeable streams that occur in the southeast portion of the coastal plain in Alabama were sampled for crayfish (Fig. 1, Appendix A). Thirty-one sites representative of common crayfish habitats Figure 1. Map of Choctawhatchee River, Pea River, Yellow River, and Patsaliga Creek watersheds showing sites sampled for crayfish from May to August 2004. Darkened circles correspond to site information presented in Appendix A. 142 Southeastern Naturalist Vol. 9, Special Issue 3 were selected based on location, accessibility, and depth. The rest of the sites were selected to coincide with a concurrent freshwater mussel survey conducted by Troy University. Sampling began at the bridge crossing and proceeded upstream at least 150 meters. When the upstream portion of the stream was inaccessible, the same distance was sampled downstream. Electrofishing and hand excavation of burrows on the banks within the riparian zone were the two most common methods of collection. In instream habitats, a pulsed DC Smith-Root® backpack electroshocker was used to stun and agitate the crayfish out of hiding so they could be captured in a dip net. When crayfish chimneys were present, a minimum of 5 burrows were excavated at each site (Simon and Thoma 2003). Crayfish were preserved in the field in 70% ethyl alcohol and then transported to a laboratory for identification using dichotomous keys (Hobbs 1972, 1981). A voucher collection was retained in the Aquatics Laboratory at Troy University, Troy, AL. Results Cambarus and Procambarus (both Cambaridae) were the only genera found in the study area. A total of 1758 crayfish were collected. Six species of Cambarus were found, along with a group that could not be identified to species (due to lack of first-form males). Four species of Procambarus were identified, as well as a group of specimens that could not be identified to species. Of the 10 taxa identified, 6 were aquatic and 4 were primary burrowers. Aquatic species Procambarus suttkusi Hobbs (Choctawhatchee Crayfish) dominated the study area. It was found at 40 of the 50 sites (80%), with a total of 1129 individuals (480 males, 528 females, and 121 juveniles) collected (Table 1, Fig. 2). Procambarus suttkusi was found in all four watersheds, but was most common in the Choctawhatchee and Pea River watersheds (Fig. 3). Procambarus versutus (Hagen) (Sly Crayfish) was found next in relative abundance. It was collected from 18 sites (36%), with 344 individuals found in total (Table 1). There were 151 males, 155 females, and 38 juveniles collected of this species (Fig. 2). Procambarus versutus was found in all 4 watersheds, but was most abundant in the Pea River, Patsaliga Creek, and Yellow River watersheds (Fig. 4). Cambarus graysoni Faxon (Twospot Crayfish) is one of two aquatic Cambarus species that was found during this survey. One hundred and six individuals (16 males, 47 females, and 43 juveniles) were collected at 14 sites in the northern region of the Pea River watershed and the far northern and southern regions of the Choctawhatchee River drainage (Table 1; Figs. 2, 5). Only 7 individuals (3 males, 3 females, 1 juvenile) of Procambarus acutus (Girard) (White River Crawfish) were collected at 3 sites on the eastern edge of the Choctawhatchee River watershed (Table 1; Figs. 3, 6). 2010 W.H. Heath, P.M. Stewart, T.P. Simon, and J.M. Miller 143 Procambarus okaloosae Hobbs (Okaloosa Crayfish) was also only found at 3 sites from the southern edge of the study area in the Choctawhatchee and Yellow Rivers watersheds (Fig. 3, Table 1), and only 2 males and 2 females were collected (Fig. 6). Cambarus latimanus (LeConte) (Variable Crayfish) was the other aquatic Cambarus species documented, and it was found at 3 sites: 2 sites within the north-central portion of the Pea River watershed and 1 site in the eastern portion of the Choctawhatchee River watershed (Fig. 5, Table 1). Six individuals were collected, consisting of 1 male, 4 females, and 1 juvenile (Fig. 6). Burrowing species Cambarus (Tubericambarus) sp. B was the most abundant burrowing species found. It was collected at 34 sites (Table 1), with 108 individuals collected (53 males, 49 females, and 5 juveniles; Fig. 7). It was found in all 4 watersheds, but was most abundant within the Choctawhatchee River watershed (Fig. 8). Cambarus (Lacunicambarus) sp. B was found at 12 sites throughout the 4 watersheds (Fig. 8, Table 1). Of the 28 individuals collected, there were 18 males, 9 females, and 1 juvenile (Fig. 7). Table 1. List of species documented during the survey of 50 sites in the coastal plains of southeastern Alabama. The first number is the site where the species was found and the number in parenthesis is the number of individuals found at that site. See Appendix A for site information. Species Site where species were collected Cambarus (Lacunicambarus) sp. B 3(2), 4(1), 8(2), 10(1), 15(4), 16(2), 20(3), 21(2), 33(3), 50(3), 62(1), 63(4) C. graysoni 13(4), 14(2), 15(11), 18(5), 19(21), 20(37), 24(2), 26(4), 31(4), 33(1), 35(1), 45(3), 48(9), 49(2) C. latimanus 3(2), 11(3), 19(1) C. ludovicianus 48(6) C. striatus 35(1) C. (Tubericambarus) sp. B 3(1), 4(8), 5(2), 6(2), 8(4), 9(4), 10(5), 11(4), 13(3), 14(6), 18(1), 19(3), 20(2), 21(3), 23(2), 30(4), 31(4), 32(1), 34(2), 35(3), 36(5), 39(4), 40(1), 41(4), 42(4), 43(4), 45(2), 46(3), 49(2), 60(5), 61(3), 62(1), 63(1), 64(5) Cambarus spp. 7(4), 8(2), 17(3), 23(1), 34(1), 37(1), 40(1), 50(4), 62(1) Procambarus acutus 11(1), 15(1), 20(5) P. okaloosae 43(1), 46(2), 63(1) P. suttkusi 3(19), 4(14), 5(41), 6(59), 7(30), 8(49), 10(31), 12(15), 13(51), 14(2), 16(40), 17(19), 18(54), 21(15), 23(27), 24(32), 25(50), 30(21), 31(41), 32(26), 33(41), 34(24), 35(87), 36(62), 37(11), 38(24), 39(28), 40(40), 41(12), 42(1), 44(25), 45(44), 46(2), 47(23), 50(26), 60(10), 61(8), 62(14), 63(1), 64(10) P. versutus 6(19), 7(22), 11(13), 15(20), 23(7), 24(2), 25(21), 26(56), 30(17), 31(4), 33(10), 41(63), 45(5), 48(25), 60(14), 61(22), 62(12), 63(12) Procambarus spp. 14(1) 144 Southeastern Naturalist Vol. 9, Special Issue 3 Figure 3. Distribution map of Procambarus acutus, P. okaloosae, and P. suttkusi specimens collected from May to August 2004 in the Choctawhatchee River, Pea River, Yellow River, and Patsaliga Creek watersheds in the coastal plains of southeastern Alabama. Figure 2. Comparison of total number of Procambarus suttkusi, P. versutus, and Cambarus graysoni broken down by sex and stage of each species collected during the 2004 summer collection in the Choctawhatchee River, Pea River, Yellow River, and Patsaliga Creek watersheds in the coastal plains of southeastern Alabama. 2010 W.H. Heath, P.M. Stewart, T.P. Simon, and J.M. Miller 145 Figure 4. Distribution map of Cambarus striatus, Procambarus versutus, and Procambarus sp. specimens collected from May to August 2004 in the Choctawhatchee River, Pea River, Yellow River, and Patsaliga Creek watersheds in the coastal plains of southeastern Alabama. Cambarus ludovicianus Faxon (Painted Devil Crayfish) was found at only 1 site in the northern portion of the Choctawhatchee River watershed (Fig. 8, Table 1). Of the 6 individuals found, there were 1 male, 3 females, and 2 juveniles (Fig. 7). A single female Cambarus striatus Hay (Ambiguous Crayfish) was found (Table 1) within the eastern portion of the Choctawhatchee River watershed (Figs. 4, 7). Discussion The results from this study were partially consistent with those of historical records. Schuster and Taylor (2004) recently reported historical accounts of 9 taxa of crayfish in the Choctawhatchee River watershed. During our study, we found 10 crayfish taxa, with 5 taxa (C. (Lacunicambarus) sp. B, C. latimanus, P. suttkusi, P. versutus, and P. acutus) overlapping between the 2 studies. Species recorded in the historical record but not in this study were Faxonella clypeata (Hay) (Ditch Fencing Crayfish), P. acutissimus (Girard) (Sharpnose Crayfish), P. lophotus Hobbs and Walton (Mane Crayfish), and P. spiculifer (LeConte) (White Tubercled Crayfish) (Schuster and Taylor 2004). Species sampled in this study but not found in the historical record were P. okaloosae, C. graysoni, C. ludovicianus, C. striatus, and C. 146 Southeastern Naturalist Vol. 9, Special Issue 3 Figure 5. Distribution map of Cambarus sp., C. latimanus, and C. graysoni specimens collected from May to August 2004 in the Choctawhatchee River, Pea River, Yellow River, and Patsaliga Creek watersheds in the coastal plains of southeastern Alabama. Figure 6. Comparison of total numbers of remaining aquatic species by sex and stage. C. l.= Cambarus latimanus, C. sp.= Cambarus sp., P. o.= Procambarus okaloosae, P. a.= Procambarus acutus, and P. sp.= Procambarus sp. specimens collected May–August 2004 in the Choctawhatchee River, Pea River, Yellow River, and Patsaliga Creek watersheds in the coastal plains of southeastern Alabama. 2010 W.H. Heath, P.M. Stewart, T.P. Simon, and J.M. Miller 147 Figure 7. Comparison of total number of burrowing species with the sex and stage of each species. C. t. sp. A = Cambarus (Tubericambarus) sp. B, C. d. = Cambarus (Lacunicambarus) sp. B, C. l. = C. ludovicianus, and C. s. = C. striatus specimens collected from May to August 2004 in the Choctawhatchee River, Pea River, Yellow River, and Patsaliga Creek watersheds in the coastal plains of southeastern Alabama. Figure 8. Distribution map of Cambarus (Tubericambarus) sp. B, C. ludovicianus, and C. (Lacunicambarus) sp. specimens collected from May to August 2004 in the Choctawhatchee River, Pea River, Yellow River, and Patsaliga Creek watersheds in the coastal plains of southeastern Alabama. 148 Southeastern Naturalist Vol. 9, Special Issue 3 (Tubericambarus) sp. B. The difference between our results and historical data were likely due to the habitats sampled. Our study focused on wadeable streams and included burrowing species found adjacent to the stream. Samples were not taken from roadside ditches and swampy areas that were not associated with streams or creeks. Of the aquatic species documented, P. suttkusi was the most abundant and widespread, clearly establishing it as the dominant aquatic species of the study area. Procambarus versutus and C. graysoni were fairly abundant, but their distributions were more limited. Sex ratios among P. suttkusi and P. versutus were similar (about 1:1), but the sex ratio of C. graysoni was skewed towards females. Procambarus acutus, P. okaloosae, and C. latimanus were found in such small quantities that no such inferences could be made. Cambarus (Tubericambarus) sp. B was the dominant primary burrower and was distributed throughout the study area. Its sex ratio was similar to that of the aquatic species, which was about 1:1, and about 10% were juveniles. Cambarus (Lacunicambarus) sp. B was also found throughout the study area, but in much smaller numbers and with twice as many males as females excavated. Cambarus ludovicianus and C. striatus appeared to be quite rare in our study area. Schuster and Taylor (2004) reported that C. ludovicianus was of moderate conservation concern and C. striatus was very common within Alabama. Both are more common to the Piedmont Region. Procambarus suttkusi was the dominant aquatic crayfish species within and west of the Choctawhatchee watershed. Historical records show that the distribution of P. suttkusi was limited to the Choctawhatchee and Chattahoochee Rivers in southeast Alabama and that it was of moderate conservation concern (Schuster and Taylor 2004). Hobbs (1981) did not report P. suttkusi in Georgia during his sampling of the Chattahoochee River. Our study suggests that P. suttkusi has extended its range west to the Escambia River watershed (Yellow River and Patsaliga Creek watersheds), and all life stages collected in the watershed were abundant, including juveniles, showing good reproduction. Even though this species was locally abundant in our study, it is considered of special concern due to its previously reported limited distribution (Baker et al. 2008). Procambarus versutus was frequently found along with P. suttkusi and is historically found in the same types of habitats (Hobbs 1942, Schuster and Taylor 2004). According to Hobbs (1942), P. versutus had not been collected in the Choctawhatchee River or the watershed. Our findings confirm Schuster and Taylor's (2004) observation that P. versutus was commonly found throughout the state. Two crayfish that were rarely found during this study were P. acutus and P. okaloosae. In general, both species inhabit lentic and lotic environments. However, P. acutus is spread extensively, albeit sporadically, throughout the state, while P. okaloosae has a more localized distribution (Hobbs 1981, Schuster and Taylor 2004). The widespread, sporadic occurrence of P. acutus may be attributed to its popularity as fishing bait and its economic significance 2010 W.H. Heath, P.M. Stewart, T.P. Simon, and J.M. Miller 149 in aquaculture (Taylor and Schuster 2004). It may also be migrating from the adjacent Chattahoochee River watershed, where Hobbs (1981) documented it to be of common occurrence. Procambarus okaloosae, on the other hand, was reported to be found only in a couple of west Florida counties and only one county in Alabama (Escambia) (Hobbs 1942). During the current study, P. okaloosae was found in Covington, Coffee, and Houston counties. Houston and Covington Counties both border west Florida, and Coffee County borders Covington County on its northeast side, but does not border Florida. This finding would suggest that the historical range of P. okaloosae extends further into Alabama than was previously recorded or that it is undergoing range extension. Hobbs (1942) also stated that P. okaloosae occurred in smaller aquatic habitats such as ditches and small creeks. The specimens collected in this study were found in small creeks with an average depth of less than 0.5 m. According to Butler et al. (2003) and Ratcliffe and DeVries (2004), aquatic species of the genus Cambarus are not typically found in the coastal plain, but are commonly associated with the Piedmont areas of the state. The coastal plains are more likely to be inhabited by Procambarus species (Butler et al. 2003, Hendrix and Loftus 2000, Hobbs 1942). Cambarus graysoni was the only aquatic Cambarus species found where >10 specimens were collected. Cambarus graysoni is normally found in streams under rocks and woody debris, but can also be a secondary burrower (Schuster and Taylor 2004, Taylor and Schuster 2004). All but one specimen, which was found in a burrow on Patsaliga Creek in Crenshaw County, were collected in streams throughout the watershed. Cambarus graysoni was collected throughout the Choctawhatchee and Pea River drainages, but was usually found further north in the Cumberland Plateau (Schuster and Taylor 2004). Historically, C. latimanus and C. striatus are aquatic species with burrowing tendencies (Schuster and Taylor 2004). These species were found in limited numbers during this study. Cambarus latimanus was found among woody debris mainly in sandy-bottomed streams with steeper banks, which was consistent with historical records (Hobbs 1981). Cambarus striatus occurred at only one site, which was on the East Fork of the Choctawhatchee River in Henry County. Cambarus striatus was excavated from hard soil that was densely meshed with roots. Hobbs (1981) found them in similar habitats from collections made in Georgia. Taylor and Schuster (2004) reported C. striatus as having a sporadic distributional pattern, which may explain why there was only one found in this study. Cambarus (Tubericambarus) sp. B was the most widely found burrowing crayfish in southeast Alabama, but is perhaps one of the least studied. It is a primary burrower and is thought to range from Michigan to the Gulf of Mexico, but its exact distribution is unknown. This species is currently being described (Schuster and Taylor 2004, Taylor and Schuster 2004). Cambarus ludovicianus was found in Pike County at only one location. This site was a low swampy area beside a creek that had standing water outside of the main channel. Taylor and Schuster (2004) reported finding this 150 Southeastern Naturalist Vol. 9, Special Issue 3 species in a similar habitat in Kentucky along the Mississippi River. Historical records place the species in the Mobile, Alabama, and Tombigbee rivers in Greene, Montgomery, Pickens, and Washington counties of Alabama (McGregor et al. 1999). Conclusions Ten crayfish species and 2 unidentified taxa totaling over 1750 individuals were collected from 50 sites within the Choctawhatchee, Pea, and Yellow River, and Patsaliga Creek watersheds of southeastern Alabama. The aquatic taxa collected were P. suttkusi, P. versutus, P. acutus, P. okaloosae, C. latimanus, and C. graysoni. Burrowing taxa collected were C. (Tubericambarus) sp. B, C. (Lacunicambarus) sp. B, C. ludovicianus, and C. striatus. Procambarus suttkusi was the dominant aquatic species, and C. (Tubericambarus) sp. B was the dominant burrowing species. Five of the taxa (C. [Lacunicambarus] sp. B, C. latimanus, P. suttkusi, P. versutus, and P. acutus) collected were listed in historical records. Fallicambarus clypeata, P. acutissimus, P. lophotus, and P. spiculifer were found historically, but not in this study. Procambarus okaloosae, C. graysoni, C. ludovicianus, C. striatus, and C. (Tubericambarus) sp. B were newly recorded for the watersheds sampled during this study. The discrepancy between this study and historical records was most likely due to this study only covering wadeable streams and not a broader array of aquatic habitats. Alabama has the most diverse crayfish population of any state in the US (Schuster and Taylor 2004). Crayfish research has been minimal; therefore, abundance, distribution, and life-history studies are needed to determine current distributions and abundance. Accurate data are needed to determine what conservation measures are warranted to preserve the rich diversity unique to this state. This study has provided evidence that some crayfish species have expanded their range in comparison to historical data. It also points out the need to include the burrowers in all crayfish surveys, as they are the most neglected group and yet comprise a substantial portion of the species diversity in an area. Acknowledgments We thank two anonymous reviewers for suggestions to the manuscript, Guenter Schuster and Roger Thoma for crayfish verifications, and Stuart Welsh for publication support. 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Taylor, C.A., G.A. Schuster, J.E. Cooper, R.J. DiStefano, A.G. Eversole, P. Hamr, H.H. Hobbs III, H.W. Robison, C.E. Skelton, and R.F. Thoma. 2007. A reassessment of the conservation status of crayfishes of the United States and Canada after 10+ years of increased awareness. Fisheries 32(8):372–389. US Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, and State of Alabama Department of Economic and Community Affairs. 1995. State of Alabama hydrologic unit map with drainage areas by counties and sub-watersheds. Montgomery, AL. US Fish and Wildlife Service. 2004. Threatened and endangered species system, Division of Endangered Species. Available online at http://ecos.fws.gov/tess_public/ TESSSpeciesReport. Accessed November 2004. 2010 W.H. Heath, P.M. Stewart, T.P. Simon, and J.M. Miller 153 Appendix A. Site number, county, stream name, direction to stream, latitude, and longitude, for 50 sites sampled in the Choctawhatchee River, Pea River, Yellow River, and Patsaliga Creek watersheds during the 2004 crayfish survey in southeastern Alabama. Site Location 3 Pike: Persimmon Branch, George C. Wallace Drive Bridge, 2.25 km E of Troy, N 31°48.373', W 085°56.940' 4 Barbour: Blue Springs Creek, Blue Springs State Park, 0.8 km W of Blue Springs, N 31º 39.724', W 085º 30.359' 5 Barbour: West Fork Choctawhatchee River, State Highway 10 Bridge, 0.64 km SW of Blue Springs, N 31º 39.765', W 085º 30.332' 6 Bullock: Little Sandy Creek, County Road 50 Bridge, 17.7 km S of Union Springs, N 31°59.673', W 085°40.489' 7 Bullock: Pea River, County Road 34 Bridge, 5.47 km SW of Midway, N 32°03.054', W 085°34.195' 8 Barbour: Tributary to Lindsey Creek, County Road 53 Bridge, 5.63 km South of Clayton, N 31°49.351', W 085°26.560' 9 Barbour: East Fort Choctawhatchee River, State Highway 30 Bridge, 8.53 km E of Clayton, N 31°52.095', W 085°21.793' 10 Barbour: Wallace Creek, County Road 43 Bridge, 5.95 km E of Blue Springs, N 31°40.008', W 085°26.348' 11 Henry: Jack Creek, end of County Road 75 Bridge, 12.87 km W of Abbeville, N 31°35.481', W 085°22.977' 12 Dale: Claybank Creek, US Highway 231 Bridge, 6.12 km SW of Ariton, N 31°33.002', W 085°44.420' 13 Barbour: Danner Creek, County Road 3 Bridge, 6.92 km SW of Elamville, N 31°38.449', W 085°42.871' 14 Dale: Blacks Creek, County Road 95 Bridge, 4.35 km E of Ariton, N 31°38.454', W 085°42.873' 15 Barbour: Hamm Creek, State Highway 131 Bridge, 4.67 km NE of Texasville, N 31°44.681', W 085°, 23.398' 16 Barbour: Tributary to Williams Millpond Creek, McSwain Creek Road Bridge, 11.75 km SE of Clayton, N 31°47.606', W 085°22.736' 17 Coffee: Wilberts Creek, County Road 544 Bridge, 9.17 km SW of New Brockton, N 31°19.534', W 085°59.861' 18 Pike: Tributary to Walnut Creek, County Road 111 Bridge, 3.86 km SE of Mossy Grove, N 31°43.498', W 085°56.331' 19 Coffee: Tributary to Whitewater Creek, State Highway 167 Bridge, 27.36 km NE of Elba, N 31°33.798', W 085°55.485' 20 Henry: Cowpen Creek, County Road 81 Bridge, 5.15 km W of Lawrenceville, N 31°39.044', W 085°19.284' 21 Henry: Watson Creek, State Highway 27 Bridge, 9.98 km SW of Abbeville, N 31°30.793', W 085°19.763' 22 Henry: Camp Branch, Unnamed County Road Bridge, 4.51 km W. of Newville, N 31°25.851', W 085°22.267' 23 Geneva: 10 Mile Creek, State Highway 167 Bridge, 8.37 km E of Black, N 31°00.449', W 085°39.451' 24 Geneva: Barnes Creek, County Road 41 Bridge, 8.53 km W of Hartford, N 31°07.484', W 085°46.830' 25 Coffee: Cripple Creek, State Highway 189 Bridge, 1.29 km E of Kinston, N 31°13.563', W 086°09.688' 26 Coffee: Tributary to Helms Mill Creek, County Road 409 Bridge, 7.08 km SW of Elba, N 31°22.013', W 086°07.863' 154 Southeastern Naturalist Vol. 9, Special Issue 3 Site Location 30 Crenshaw: Patsaliga Creek, State Highway 106 Bridge, 14.16 km E of Brantley, N 31°35.768', W 086°24.286' 31 Pike: Pea River, State Road 10 Bridge, 9.17 km W of Clio, N 31°42.868', W 085°42.448' 32 Barbour: Pea Creek, County Road 9 Bridge, 9.17 km W of Louisville, N 31°47.744', W 085°39.167' 33 Pike: Big Creek, County Road 6 Bridge, 3.54 km SW of Spring Hill, N 31°40.688', W 085°59.696' 34 Barbour: Big Creek, County Road 3 Bridge, 4.51 km NW of Clio, N 31°43.507', W 085°39.273' 35 Henry: East Fork Choctawhatchee River, County Road 54 Bridge, 7.40 km W of Lawrenceville, N 31°40.667', W 085°20.726' 36 Dale: Judy Creek, County Road 15 Bridge, 10.78 km NE of Ozark, N 31°31.592', W 085°35.009' 37 Dale: West Fork Choctawhatchee River, County Road 60 Bridge, 9.01 km E of Skipperville, N 31°33.288', W 085°28.916' 38 Dale: West Fork Choctawhatchee River, State Rt 27 Bridge, 11.27 km SE of Ozark, N 31°24.644', W 085°32.123' 39 Dale: East Fork Choctawhatchee River, County Road 83 Bridge, 13.04 km NE of Midland City, N 31°24.645', W 085°26.123' 40 Geneva: Hurricane Creek, State Highway 123 Bridge, 4.99 km NE of Hartford, N 31°07.761', W 085°39.397' 41 Covington: Yellow River, US 84 bridge, 9.01 km W of Opp, N 31°16.432', W 086°20.932' 42 Dale: Little Choctawhatchee River, County Road 10 Bridge, 8.05 km SE of Midland City, N 31°17.200', W 085°25.143' 43 Houston: Beaver Creek, Honeysuckle Road Bridge, 4.18 km W of Dothan, N 31°12.875', W 085°26.072' 44 Geneva: Bell Creek, County Road 728 Bridge, 2.57 km NE of Bellwood, N 31°11.284', W 085°48.791' 45 Geneva: Tributary to Spring Creek, County Road 6 Bridge, 5.31 km E of Geneva, N 31°02.576', W 085°48.513' 46 Coffee: Beaverdam Creek, County Road 660, 10.94 km SW of Enterprise, N 31°13.233', W 085°53.488' 47 Coffee: Blanket Creek, State Highway 192 Bridge, 3.54 km SW of Enterprise, N 31°17.915', W 085°53.055' 48 Pike: Buckhorn Creek, County Road 6621 Bridge, 9.50 km NE of Banks, N 31°48.013', W 085°43.766' 49 Pike: Tributary to Buckhorn Creek, Unnamed County Road Bridge, 12.23 km NE of Brundige, N 31°48.013', W 085°43.766' 50 Pike: Mims Creek, County Road 59 Bridge, 6.92 km SW of Brundidge, N 31°40.878', W 085°52.186' 60 Crenshaw: Little Patsaliga Creek, County Road 35 Bridge, 7.72 km SW of Luverne, N 31°41.155', W 086°20.098' 61 Crenshaw: Little Patsaliga Creek, State Highway 10 Bridge, 7.00 km W of Luverne, N 31°43.712', W 086°19.845' 62 Crenshaw: Patsaliga Creek, County Road 59 Bridge, 8.21 km NE of Luverne, N 31°46.858', W 086°13.437' 63 Covington: Hollis Creek, County Road 73 Bridge, 9.17 km W of Opp, N 31°16.778', W 086°21.251' 64 Barbour: Hurricane Creek, State Highway 239 Bridge, 13.36 km W of Clayton, N 31°54.356', W 085°35.082'