N7 2018 Northeastern Naturalist Notes Vol. 25, No. 2 R.E. Schmidt, E. Kiviat, N. Trigoboff, and J. Vanek New Records of Clam Shrimp (Laevicaudata, Spinicaudata) from New York Robert E. Schmidt1,*, Erik Kiviat1, Norm Trigoboff 2, and John Vanek3, 4 Abstract - We present records of 3 clam shrimp species from New York: 2 spinicaudatan species— Eulimnadia agassizii (Agassiz Clam Shrimp; the first record for the state) and Cyzicus sp. (the second record of the genus from the state)—and Lynceus brachyurus (Laevicaudata; Holarctic Clam Shrimp; first reported from New York in 1883, is herein documented from the Hudson Valley). Some of the temporary waters that these species inhabit are protected by wetland regulations, but rain-puddle habitat on or along unimproved roads has no such protection. Introduction. Clam shrimp are branchiopod crustaceans that generally live in temporary waters (Williams 1987). The current classification places clam shrimp in 2 orders: the Laevicaudata and the Diplostraca (suborders Spinicaudata and Cyclestherida, respectively) (Martin and Davis 2001, Rogers 2009). Two species of clam shrimp are reported in published literature from New York State—Cyzicus gynecia (Mattox) (Mattox Clam Shrimp) (Schmidt and Kiviat 2007) and an old record of Lynceus brachyurus Müller (Holarctic Clam Shrimp) from Long Island (Packard 1883). This note documents 2 more spinicaudatan species from New York and confirms the presence of L. brachyurus from recently collected specimens. Methods. We collected clam shrimp by hand and with a variety of small-mesh dip nets. We did not collect the specimens as part of targeted searches; rather, we encountered them during other research activities. We preserved the specimens in 70% isopropanol or 70% ethanol, identified them under a dissecting microscope with incident and transmitted light, and made measurements with dividers or an ocular micrometer in a dissecting microscope. We followed the taxonomic treatments of Smith (1995) and Rogers and Hann (2016). Results. We report collecting specimens of the following species. Laevicaudata Lynceus brachyurus Müller (Holarctic Clam Shrimp). This species is Holarctic in distribution (Martin and Belk 1988, Rogers and Olesen 2016). In North America, specimens have been collected from Alberta, Ontario, Quebec, Yukon Territory, Alaska, Arizona, California, Illinois, Indiana, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Rhode Island, and Washington (Martin and Belk 1988), British Columbia (E-Fauna BC 2016), Montana, and Saskatchewan (Rogers et al. 201 5a). Packard (1883) reported this species from Glendale, Long Island, NY (as Limnetis gouldii Baird, a junior synonym; Martin and Belk 1988). There are no published reports of Holarctic Clam Shrimp from New York in the 130 y since Packard’s (1883) report. J.H. Bonitatibus observed specimens from temporary pools on 7 June 2014 from 2 locations, both in New York: Dutchess County: Town of Rhinebeck: (1) Stone Church Road, vernal pool near landfill, 41°57'56.1"N, 73°51'55.9"W; J.H. Bonitatibus; 5 females, 1Hudsonia Ltd., PO Box 5000, Annandale, NY 12504. 2Plant Pathology Herbarium, 334 Tower Road, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853. 3Department of Biology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11549. 4Current address - Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115. *Corresponding author - schmidt@simons-rock.edu. Manuscript Editor: David Frings Notes of the Northeastern Naturalist, Issue 25/2, 2018 2018 Northeastern Naturalist Notes Vol. 25, No. 2 N8 R.E. Schmidt, E. Kiviat, N. Trigoboff, and J. Vanek 9 males. Specimens ranged from 3.2 mm to 4.0 mm in length. Specimens were deposited in the National Museum of Natural History (USNM 1454926); and (2) Hook Road, vernal pool, 41̊°7'46.4"N, 73°54'31"W; J.H. Bonitatibus; no material collected. Spinicaudata Cyzicus sp. The genus Cyzicus is in desperate need of revision. Recent preliminary molecular studies did not support traditionally recognized species, and cryptic species may have been indicated (Schwentner et al. 2009). This taxonomic uncertainty and revisionary efforts that are currently underway (Rogers 2016) prevent us from assigning our specimens to any described species at this time. This genus has a very wide distribution in North America, from Mexico north to Canada (Smith and Gola 2001), in Alberta, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan (Williams 1987). In the USA, the range extends from California and Washington east to Pennsylvania (Wolfe 1982) and Maryland (Smith and Gola 2001), and southeast to Alabama (Frings and Morse 2015). The specimens reported here, collected in the vicinity of Ithaca, NY, extend the published range of this genus about 220 km northward (Wolf 1982) and about 215 km WNW (Schmidt and Kiviat 2007) of the nearest Cyzicus populations, and are the second record of the genus from the state: USA: New York: Tompkins County: Town of Danby: Danby State Forest: rainwater pools on Bald Hill Road, between Station Road and Michigan Hollow Road, 42°17'6"N, 76°29'34"W; 5 September 2016; N. Trigoboff and G. LaBranch; 10 females, 3 males. This site was revisited on 19 July 2017 and the habitat had been destroyed by roadmaintenance activities. Town of Danby: Danby State Forest: rainwater pools on Bald Hill Road, between Station Road and Michigan Hollow Road, 42°18'57.3''N, 76°29'41.9''W; 19 July 2017; N. Trigoboff; 14 females, 9 males. Town of Caroline: Shindagin Hollow State Forest: rainwater pool on jeep trail, 42°20'1"N, 76°20'25"W; 10 September 2016; N. Trigoboff and G. LaBranch; 14 females. The material ranged in length from 5.6 mm to 12.2 mm. Specimens were donated to D. Christopher Rogers, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS. Eulimnadia agassizii (Packard) (Agassiz Clam Shrimp). This species has been reported from Massachusetts, Virginia (National Museum of Natural History invertebrate collection, #62654), the Florida panhandle (Rogers et al. 2010), and Ontario (2 records; Williams 1987). We present the first records of this species from New York: Nassau County: Town of Hempstead: temporary pool on west end of Jones Beach Island, 40°35'22.3"N 73°32'22.7"W; 3 June 2013; J. Vanek; 1 female. Specimen stored at Hudsonia, Ltd., Ulster County: Town of Ulster: temporary pool on the edge of an organic farm field, 650 m northeast of the junction of Esopus Avenue and Orlando Street, 41°57'36''N, 74°00'15''W; 17 August 2016; E. Kiviat; 7 ovigerous females. Specimens were deposited in the National Museum of Natural History (USNM 1454927). The Jones Beach Island site is in a disturbed area of the maritime dunes ecological community (Edinger et al. 2014) and is characterized by short, emergent vegetation and an open canopy. The specimen is 10.1 mm long. The Ulster County pool material ranged in length from 5.0 mm to 9.1 mm. Identification of our specimens was based on morphology of the whole organism, which can be very plastic (Rogers et al. 2012), and egg morphology (Belk 1989, Rogers 2016). The New York specimens had 4–6 growth lines (Pennak [1989] said ≤4 growth lines, Smith [1992] indicated 4–5 growth lines). Smith (1992) illustrated a bluntly pointed rostrum, but the New York material has a round rostrum, and the New York specimens have 12 spines on N9 2018 Northeastern Naturalist Notes Vol. 25, No. 2 R.E. Schmidt, E. Kiviat, N. Trigoboff, and J. Vanek the telson, whereas Smith (1992) gave a range of 11–17. The specimens were not appropriately preserved for molecular analysis. Discussion. With the exception of the Rhinebeck specimens, which were found in intermittent woodland amphibian breeding pools, we found all of the specimens reported here in small, ephemeral rain pools. Small-puddle inhabitants must have wide tolerance for water quality, but also for rapid changes in water quality as puddles fill and dry (Rogers 2009). Some of the extremes that puddle inhabitants survive have been documented (Horne 1971, Machado et al. 1999, Orridge 2011). Although similar pools on dirt roads and all-terrain–vehicle trails are common in New York, we have sampled many without finding clam shrimp, suggesting that the animals are active for very short time-periods, have subtle habitat requirements, or lack effective dispersal mechanisms. None of the populations that we report in this note were found as part of a targeted survey, but rather, we observed them during field work for other purposes. Surveys dedicated to finding clam shrimp populations would undoubtedly document many more populations and may well document species not yet known from New York. Although clam shrimp tolerate various environmental conditions, their habitats, especially rain pools on dirt roads, are often continually extant for only relatively short periods of time. No laws protect these habitats. Large branchiopods worldwide are diverse and poorly known biogeographically and ecologically; many species have been described only recently. There are many narrowly endemic species, and many taxa are threatened by human activities (Rogers et al. 2015b, Schmidt and Kiviat 2007). We recommend additional survey efforts to determine the distribution and conservation needs of these species and their habitats in New York and adjacent areas. Acknowledgments. We thank Creek Iverson for facilitating field work on the Northeast Farms site in Ulster County and Jill Bonitatibus Pritchett for collecting Lynceus from Rhinebeck. We also thank The Ithaca Hikers for their assistance. The manuscript was improved with the help of David Frings, D. Christopher Rogers, and an anonymous reviewer. This paper is a Bard College–Hudsonia contribution. Literature Cited Belk, D. 1989. Identification of species in the conchostracan genus Eulimnadia by egg-shell morphology. Journal of Crustacean Biology 9:115–125. Edinger, G.J., D.J. Evans, S. Gebauer, T.G. Howard, D.M. Hunt, and A.M. Olivero. 2014. Ecological Communities of New York State, 2nd Edition. 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